Krieger counters that it may not be possible to deliberately create something that is "orderly, purposeful or meaningful" and that works well (Krieger, 2005:76). Historically design has focused on structures that are sacred including cities (Krieger, 2005). It is important if planning to redesign nature that mankind takes into consideration the sacredness of nature. It is not geographers that would give meaning to the Earth but rather nature itself; it is too important for mankind to forget the original design and hence become confused about that which is real vs. that which is fake (Krieger, 2005).
Balance may be defined once mankind realizes it's understanding of the natural landscape has changed. Regardless of how much mankind may revere trees for example, mankind rarely treats nature or trees as sacred or relevant; rather nature has become in many ways "disenchanted" (Krieger, 2005: 113). For ecological restoration to occur in a benevolent and beneficial manner it is important first that mankind once again adopt an enchanted view of nature. This will help restore balance and ensure that restorations occur in an environmentally ethical manner.
Before nature is restored nature should be defined as something that is sacred. Only after nature is held sacred can the natural order of things be restored. Once restoration has occurred, the natural order and balance that has been established during the creation or design process must be maintained. This means that mankind must continue to value and hold sacred that which nature has to offer, even if nature is 'artificial' in some sense as it has been restored. Maintaining the natural balance of things after restoration however will ensure that mankind is moving toward creating natural harmony, rather than moving in a pattern that is destructive.
As Elliot points out restoration is useless if mankind adopts restoration as a means to further his own interests rather than as a means to restore the natural landscape and sacred nature of the land. It doesn't do any good at all for mankind to restore the natural balance if man doesn't learn how to stop abusing nature and causing the very destruction that leads to a need for restoration in the first place.
Conclusions
Many environmental ethicists would argue that natural restoration is a futile attempt to restore that which is sacred....
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