Natural Law
For centuries the dominant philosophical thought on the issue of natural law was dominated by the Catholic Church's theocracy (Gula, 1989). Natural law is the idea that law exists that is set by nature and that therefore it is universally validity (Cochrane, 1857). The first great philosopher to establish the early views on natural law was St. Augustine. St. Augustine's views on natural law were to develop over time into what is now called classic naturalism and were based on the concept that law cannot be fully articulated without some reference to moral notions (Augustine, 2005).
Augustine believed and argued that the laws of nature were dictated by God and therefore were superior to any other form of law. Such laws, as prescribed by God, were universal and timeless and that any man-made laws were valid if, and only if, they were in accordance with the laws of God. For St. Augustine, all laws, either man-made or God given, received all authority and legitimacy from God (Augustine, The City of God, 1994).
Simply stated, St. Augustine's natural law theory can be broken down into two essential elements: 1) there can be no legally binding standards that conflicts with the natural law; and 2) all valid laws derive their force and authority from the natural law. For Augustine, an unjust law was no law at all; however, he also believed that the coercive authority of the state arose as a result of man's tendency to sin. St. Augustine was the first Catholic philosophy to conceptualize the...
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This in another deceptively simple painting, which evokes the relationship between geese and nature in a few brush strokes. The background of is blank and bare, referring to the concept of nothingness, and the two geese are sketched in relation to a few lines which represent reeds. The work suggests a sense of great depth and space as well as the mystery of nature. Robert Motherwell Figure 1. Elegy to the Spanish
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