Problem/Puzzle/Research Questions
Anand (2000) explores the narratives that shape Tibetan identity, especially the notion of a national identity among those in diaspora. The author explores the impact of Western orientalist theorizing of Tibet on Tibetan self-consciousness, claiming that Tibetan self-consciousness and national identity has been shaped by these orientalist narratives.
Main Argument
The author argues that Tibetan national identity has been historically and socially constructed, via discursive practices relating to orientalism: an idealized narrative of what Tibet means.
Theories and Concepts
Anand (2000) invokes social constructivism, identity construction, and discursive identity construction in the analysis.
Empirical Evidence
To support claims and substantiate positions, Anand (2000) provides an overview of the Tibetan diaspora. The author also cites authors with similar views on nationalism, and also shows how Tibetans in diaspora have had access to the means by which to create and maintain national identity. Anand (2000) also refers to several example of orientalism in Western depictions of Tibet, such as books and movies.
Structures, Interactions, Actors
The structures referred to include the Tibetan government in exile versus other overarching structures such as the Indian and Chinese governments. Actors include the Dalai Lama, and also Western theorists that have supported the Tibetan national narrative. Interactions between actors and structures are evident in the ways Western discursive practices have been incorporated into Tibetan national identity construction.
Surprising Insights
Rarely is the Tibetan question framed in such a way that shows how national identity construction can be shaped by “foreign” influences.
Critique/Questions
The view that Tibetan nationalism has been socially constructed seems to obfuscate the fact that its claim to nationalism is as legitimate as any other state.
Connections
How is American identity constructed, and what role does mythical nationalism play in American political culture?
References
Anand, D. (2000). (Re)imagining nationalism. Contemporary South Asia 9(3): 271-287.
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