National Health Goals and Behavioral Influences
Nurse Educators in Downstream, Midstream, and Upstream Obesity Interventions
The professional nurse has numerous opportunities to advocate for changes in social policy, community awareness, and behavioral risk factors associated with the choices of individual patients. With respect to obesity intervention, nurses can contribute their efforts to upstream, midstream, and downstream interventions. McKinley describes a framework that details the manner in which professional nurses can intervene to reduce the risk factors in obesity at three distinct levels: upstream, midstream, and downstream.
The types of obesity risk factors that exist at the upstream level include the prevalence of poor dietetic choices in the community, advertisement campaigns for unhealthful food choices targeted to children and other vulnerable populations, and the absence of government regulation over areas where appropriate legislation could reduce some of those risk factors by mandating socially conscious behavior on the part of food manufacturers that profit from the advertising and sale of food products known to contribute to obesity in the population. The types of obesity risk factors that exist at the midstream level include school and other youth programs that maintain non-nutritious food choices and that allow the sale of junk foods from automated dispensers on their premises. At the...
Nursing Theory Analysis Theory-based nursing is the phenomenon that has been researched much during the past two decades. Nursing theory has become the foundation for nursing practice with its own knowledge base. The current paper is an analysis of King's theory of goal attainment. King acquired her goal attainment theory model from an interpersonal system and a behavioral science. The nurse and patient communicate to achieve a common goal of patient
" (AAFP, nd) The Health Maintenance Organization further should "…negotiate with both public and private payers for adequate reimbursement or direct payment to cover the expenses of interpreter services so that they can establish services without burdening physicians…" and the private industry should be "…engaged by medical organizations, including the AAFP, and patient advocacy groups to consider innovative ways to provide interpreter services to both employees and the medically underserved." (AAFP,
Behavioral approaches alone or combined cognitive behavior therapy may be used. Behavioral techniques might include simply not buying trigger foods or avoiding certain shops; that is, building up new habits to replace existing ones. Another example would be modifying eating behavior such as eating in the same place each day, or concentrating solely on eating and not watching television at the same time (Fiona Mantle, 2003)." It is worth noting
Figure 1 portrays the state of Maryland, the location for the focus of this DRP. Figure 1: Map of Maryland, the State (Google Maps, 2009) 1.3 Study Structure Organization of the Study The following five chapters constitute the body of Chapter I: Introduction Chapter II: Review of the Literature Chapter III: Methods and Results Chapter IV: Chapter V: Conclusions, Recommendations, and Implications Chapter I: Introduction During Chapter I, the researcher presents this study's focus, as it relates to the
According to the U.S.A. Today (Borenstein, 2007), the latest IPCC report states that within twenty years "hundreds of millions of people won't have enough water." And while safe drinking water may not be available to those millions of people, tens of millions of others will be "flooded out of their homes each year" as rising temperatures cause polar ice caps to melt. "Tropical diseases like malaria will spread" and in
Lack of accountability, transparency and integrity, ineffectiveness, inefficiency and unresponsiveness to human development remain problematic (UNDP). Poverty remains endemic in most Gulf States with health care and opportunities for quality education poor or unavailable, degraded habitats including urban pollution and poor soil conditions from inappropriate farming practices. Social safety nets are also entirely inadequate and all form part of the nexus of poverty that is widely prevalent in Gulf countries.
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