The Jesuits also were targeting the elite class as opposed to the Franciscans working with the poorer classes. The problem was that the ruling people, because of the drama and tension between Christian sects, saw Christianity as a threat to their own power.
In the book The Japanese and the Jesuits: Alessandro Valignano in Sixteenth Century Japan, Moran and Moran (1992: iii) that in promoting Christianity, the Jesuits -- one of them being Valignano, a prominent figure among the Jesuits in Asias -- looked to the ruling class for support of their religion. Valignano was a different type of missionary as he impressed the importance of learning Japanese upon the missionaries. However, after Valignano's death, Christianity was proscribed and missionaries were banished from Japan (iii). What was interesting about Valignano is that he understood that foreign missionaries were not capable of converting the Japanese to Christianity, and one of his chief concerns was to train the Japanese Jesuits and priest and break down the barriers between them and the Europeans (iii).
Moran and Moran's (1992: 2) book explains that the Jesuits were the only missionaries in Japan until the arrival of the Franciscan, Dominican, and Augustinian friars in the 1590s and 1600s. Likewise, the authors explain that Japan was in a very turbulent state when the Jesuits -- chiefly Xavier -- first got there in 1549 and there were many negative beliefs that came to be about Christianity. Nelson (2002: 100) notes that Christianity was thought to be a "diabolical religion" -- something like black magic. Still, it has to be noted that Christianity was one of the most important things to happen to Japan.
Elison's book, Deus Destroyed: The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan, notes that there has been much comparison between the process of Christianity's progress of the Christian movement in the classical...
There was so much instability in Japan at this time, according to Nelson, that it was not difficult for the Christians to simply move around and find places (like in Nobunaga's realm) where they could spread the word of Christianity. "Japan…is always revolving like a wheel; for he who today is a great lord, may be a penniless nobody tomorrow" (Boxer 1951: 74; Nelson 98). Nelson (99) points out
Monograph One of the great challenges the military faces is remaining current and preparing the current and future generations of soldiers for inevitable shifts to the geopolitical environment, technological changes, and shifts in both domestic and foreign policies. The importance of preparing officers for the new realities of unpredictable environments and non-state actors cannot be underestimated.[footnoteRef:1] The roles and goals of the AMSP and SAMS have not changed. These educational programs
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Fifteen questions used to measure willingness to AC were assembled into a questionnaire designed to examine the personality measures and items regarding employee response to various safety issues, adequacy of safety training, and attitudes toward other safety related issues. The most pertinent questions relating to AC were: If I know a coworker is going to do a hazardous job, I am willing to remind him/her of the hazards (even if the
Joseph Campbell’s conceptualization of the hero’s journey encapsulates many of the world’s great stories, legends, and myths. The hero’s journey begins with the choice of whether to pursue an adventure or undertake a challenge, and proceeds through various successive stages during which key allies or helpers aid the protagonist along the way. Ultimately, the hero experiences what can be considered a death and rebirth, and is transformed by the journey. In
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