Bellinger, a.M., Mongillo, M., & Marks, a.R. (2008). Stressed out: the skeletal muscle
Ryanodine receptor as a target of stress. Journal of Clinical Investigations. 118(2):
In this report prior the researchers addressed overall present understanding of muscle fatigue. For decades, the mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue and weakness were the emphasis of numerous studies. The dominant theory was that lactic acidosis caused muscle fatigue. However, dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release has been associated with impaired muscle function induced by a variety of stressors, from dystrophy to heart failure to muscle fatigue. Here, the authors addressed the topic of the altered regulation of SR Ca2+ release during chronic stress and focused on the role the release channel known as the type 1 ryanodine receptor plays.
New York Times. Research. Retrieved February 23, 2008 at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/health/research/12musc.html?ref=science
Based on their studies of muscle fatigue, investigators under the lead of Andrew Marks of Columbia University developed a drug called rycals, because it attaches to the ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel in heart muscle cells. The investigators tested rycals in mice and found that they could prevent heart failure and arrhythmias. Columbia hopes to start testing one of the drugs for safety in patients for congestive heart failure in the spring. Marks, recognizing that the same mechanism might apply to skeletal as well as heart muscle, gave the drugs to the exhausted mice and they could run 10 to 20% longer.
Furthermore, subjective feelings of fatigue can be inconsistent with performance (Holding, 1983), sometimes exhibiting a greater sensitivity to sleep loss than the performance measures (Haslam, 1981). While different studies have produced variable results about the effects of fatigue inducing elements in flight performance and aviation errors, yet there is on the whole general agreement among researchers that fatigue is negative factor in aviation, particularly when it comes to military operations.
, 1999, p. 315). This point is also made by Doyle (2002), who reports that, "In fact, airline companies take pilot fatigue very seriously because they also have to contend with jet-lagged pilots" (p. 128). Indeed, the introduction of these sophisticated aircraft, replete with a vast array of displays and controls, can in and of itself result in increased pilot fatigue. According to Mouloua and Parasuraman (1996), "Increasing task demands, such
Supplements, Fatigue and Lethargy DO THEY HELP? Vitamin E (p 1- 1.5) Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant, which inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species or ROS when fat is oxidized (NIH, 2013). The body produces ROS when it converts food into energy. As an antioxidant, Vitamin E protects body cells from the ill effects of free radicals. Free radicals are molecules containing an unshared electron. They damage cells and
Fibromyalgia One might consider fibromyalgia to be one of the most confounding conditions around today. It is debilitating. It results in several quality of life issues. The confounding aspect of this condition is that it is difficult to diagnose. It is also difficult to treat. Most treatment modalities today recourse to treating one or more specific symptoms -- but there is no treatment that can comprehensively treat all the symptoms. (NIAMS,
American today, works more that an American worker of even a generation ago. A 1999 Government report stated that workers worked 8% more hours than the previous generation. This translates to an average workweek of 47 hours. Twenty percent of workers today work more than 49 hours. The work place has been constantly changing -- the revolution from agronomies to industrialization having had its origins in the industrial revolution.
Airway Pressure on Cardiovascular Performance HEART-LUNG CONNECTION The Influence of Mean Airway Pressure on Cardiovascular Performance Breathing, also known as pulmonary ventilation, is the basic connection between the heart and lungs (Williams & Whitney, 2006). The connection allows air between the lungs and the atmosphere and the exchange of gases between the air and the alveoli in the lungs. Body receptors can detect changes involved in the movement of air and the
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