¶ … Movement
The Cold War of the communist and the capitalist countries gay way to spying worldwide, together with the political and military meddling in the inside matters of the poor countries. Some of these developments led to a negative consequence which called for much of the distrust and uncertainty towards the government that came after the cold war. Examples of these outcomes are the serious reaction of the Soviet Union towards the famous uprising against communism, which included the Hungarian Revolution of 1965, also the invasion in 1961 of the Cuban Bay of Pigs by the U.S. And the Czechoslovakia's Prague Spring in 1968. The lie of Dwight D. Eisenhower, president of the U.S. In 1960, about the extent of the U2 episode led to an even greater distrust amongst the public against the government (Eisenstadt, 1956).
The establishment in the U.S. was disintegrated into political and military framework after the partial test ban treaty. Failure in Southeast Asia (SEATO), especially in Vietnam, to reach an agreement regarding the fulfillment of the treaty together with the debate on the treatment of the rebellious attitude of the communist further led to more disagreement in the establishment. In 1963 the murder of John F. Kennedy, the president of the United States, coupled with the skeptical view of the public towards the findings of this event provided by the government gave a way to uncertainty and unreliability on the government, which was mostly little trusted by the younger crowd. Various factors have played a part in separating the movement against the authority in the preceding eras from the 1960s counterculture (Foss and Larkin, 1976; 1982).
The period after the war, which was termed as a "baby boom," saw an immense increase in the amount of young, wealthy, and most likely disaffected people. This was something that had never happened before. They helped in shaping the direction for the American society in a very different format than before. This difference or change was a result of psychoactive drugs and a series of events and issues that allowed for intellectual stimulation. The progress of the greater counterculture movement was boosted by different sociological reasons such as the great non-violent movement. This movement helped in solving the constitutional civil rights illegal issues in the U.S. The most important of which was the general racial separation, little right to vote given to the southern blacks and the prevalent separation in the North in buying or renting of houses (Jennings and Nieani, 1981).
Student activists from universities and colleges raised their voices on their right to practice their fundamental constitutional rights, most important being their freedom of assembly and speech. Those counterculture student activists who recently understood the emerging problem of the poor community together with the community organizers raised their voices in favor of helping and promoting anti-poverty projects, especially for the areas located in the inner city of the U.S. (Jennings and Nieani, 1981)
Impact of Activism in 1968
Using the generational unit theories, researches have admitted at the progression of liberalism for the previous student activists in the 1960s. Scholars, by building upon the Mannheim, reason that those different kind of experiences from the past has allowed students to go for an obvious break from their friends and parents, those who have never experienced this before (Braungart & Braungart 1990, 1991; DeMartini 1983; Fendrich 1977,1993; Fendrich & Tarleau 1973; Fendrich. & Lovoy 1988; Fendrich & Turner 1989; Jennings 1987; Whalen & Flacks 1989). The drawback of the generational unit theories is its inability to provide a way by which participation may have an impact on the person's behavior or orientations. McAdam (1989) however, argues that this movement participation coupled with persistent mingling amongst student activist could give way to a changing experience which can be explained by the alternation (Travisano 1970). Alternation refers to the embracing of the movement principles or any other values. It, however,...
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