Motivation Theories and Emotions
Motivation Theory
Fear
Extrinsic Motivation
The theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motives helps explain the presence of fear in motivation. An activity is intrinsically motivating if a person does it voluntarily, without receiving payment or other type of reward.
An activity is extrinsically motivated if it is performed primarily for external reinforcement such as food or money.
Extrinsic motivation is based on the emotions of desire and fear. First, there is a desire for the object of external reinforcement in return for a certain performance. Later, there is a fear of the loss of that object of external reinforcement if the performance is not adequate. This fear can either motivate the person to expend more effort or it can cause the person to be indecisive and catatonic.
Frustration
Flow
Flow is a psychological state coined by positive psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Flow is a state of elevated consciousness and performance, created by single-minded immersion in a particular activity.
It is also described as peak performance and focus, with the performer forgetting about the self and becoming one with the activity.
However, flow can only exist when certain conditions are met. First, one must be involved in an activity with a clear set of goals. This adds direction and structure to the task. Second, one must have a good balance between the perceived challenges of the task at hand and one's own perceived skills. One must have confidence that one is capable to do the task at hand. The task at hand must have clear and immediate feedback. This helps the person negotiate any changing demands and allows him or her to adjust his or her performance to maintain the flow state.
A person who is attempting a task which is too difficult for the person's skill level is likely to be discouraged, which leads to frustration and even anger. This usually occurs when someone is too ambitious or overconfident in taking on a task and does not leave oneself adequate time to improve. Sometimes, it is the result of not breaking up the task into smaller tasks which are easier...
In addition to an automatic evaluation, there needs to also be a "reflective evaluative process" in order to store information from present experiences for use in future experiences (Cunningham, et al., 2007). Basically this theory is that "reflective evaluative processes" are created (based on experience) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which takes the formulation of evaluation to a higher level, beyond attitude and beyond basic emotional responses. In other
Motivation: Relatedness Using the Jigsaw Technique Motivation Relatedness using Jigsaw Motivation: Relatedness using Jigsaw Technique In this paper, we are going to discuss the motivational issue which is faced by schools and for an ideal school these issues are to be resolved. In this paper we will present an ideal school plan in which a perfect plan will be implemented. Reasons for the low motivation will also be discussed. Motivational plans will be
Motivation in Sport Take a look at the animal world and you will find the proof that game is an inherent feature of the virtually evaluated species. This has an important part in literacy and evolution. We witness many a mock fights between kittens and pups so as to enhance their stamina, speed, tolerance and will. Through such hatred free games, they rub their hands for survival and satisfy their urge
Emotions as Motive The two theories on emotion are the Cannon-Bard theory, introduced by Walter Cannon in 1927, and the Schacter Two-Factor Theory, introduced by Stanley Schacter in 1964. In the Cannon-Bard theory, it was posited that physiological arousal could occur without emotion also occurring (i.e. one could experience a racing heart and goosebumps without seeing a snake and being afraid) (Weiten, 2005). Cannon-bard was incorrect in the theory that emotion
Motivation The present study aims to establish a relationship between academic motivation and academic self-efficacy. More specifically we will be looking at whether individuals with high academic self-efficacy possess high intrinsic or high extrinsic motivation levels. A sample of approximately 100 undergraduate students will complete the Academic Motivation Scale, which measures their level of academic motivation as well as their type of motivation, and the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale to measure
Motivation Many psychologists have put forward theories to advance the concept of motivation. Some of the psychological theories and models that explain motivation include incentive theory, drive theory, self-control model, push and pull model, intrinsic and extrinsic model, and rational motivations among others. Motivation stems from a number of sources, which dictate the way a person acts. It is paramount to note that motivation is one of the greatest determinants
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