" The Eating Disorder Inventory or the Eating Disorder Inventory for Children surveys were completed. Findings in this study report that the results "indicate that...before puberty there appear to be virtually no significant relationships between mothers' and daughters' eating attitudes and behaviors." (Sanftner, 1993) However, as the girls progressed through puberty "some relationships begin to emerge between mothers' weight preoccupation, dieting, and bulimic behaviors and their daughters' dieting and drive for thinness." (Sanftner, 1993) F
Following puberty, the daughters were found to be "somewhat more likely to exhibit interpersonal distrust and interoceptive awareness." (Sanftner, 1993) It is reported that "at first glance these results may seem to support the contention that mothers are an important determinant of eating-related problems in their daughters and that they should be indeed targeted in treatment. However, careful interpretation of these data suggests otherwise." (Sanftner, 1993) It is reported that it appears from the data that "mothers and daughters are using similar means in their attempts to manage challenges they are faced with as females in this culture -- challenges that become more salient as girls reach adolescence." (Sanftner, 1993) The results indicate that mothers have very little influence on the disordered eating behaviors of their daughters.
The work of Benninghoven, Tetsch, Kunzendorf, and Jantschek (2007) entitled: "Body Image in Patients with Eating Disorders and Their mothers and the role of family functioning" reports a study using a computer program that enabled modeling perceived and desired body images of mothers and daughters with eating disorders." (Benninghoven, Tetsch, Kunzendorf, and Jantschek, 2007) It is reported that patients and their mothers both estimated their own body images and that the mothers in the study "estimated the images they have of their daughters with eating disorders." (Benninghoven, Tetsch, Kunzendorf, and Jantschek, 2007)
Results of the study reported by Benninghoven, Tetsch, Kunzendorf, and Jantschek (2007) show that in patients with anorexia nervosa and in patients with bulimia "aspects of family functioning were associated with mothers' and daughters' perceptual body size distortion and dissatisfaction. Mothers' perception of family functioning predicted daughters' perceptual body sizes distortion and body dissatisfaction in the total sample of 49 patients." (Benninghoven, Tetsch, Kunzendorf, and Jantschek, 2007) The mothers' perception of family functioning i9mpacts the body dissatisfaction of patients which was predicted by the BMI of patients. Furthermore family functioning does appear to play a critical role in body image-related problems.
The work of Agras, Hammer, and McNicholas (1997) entitled: "A Prospective Study of the Influence of Eating-Disordered Mothers on Their Children" reports a study that examined the effects of "eating disordered mothers on their children." Agras, Hammer, and McNicholas state that eating disorders have a tendency to "aggregate in families. Part of this aggregation may be explained by genetic transmission. Although other factors appear important." (Agras, Hammer, and McNicholas, 1997) Additionally, it is stated that studies that investigated the family environment through use of questionnaire methods "have generally found that eating disordered individuals report their families to be less cohesive, less supportive and more conflicted than those of control groups." (Agras, Hammer, and McNicholas, 1997)
The study reported by Agras, Hammer, and McNicholas involved 216 newborns and their parents Questionnaires were collected annually concerning the aspects of the mother-child relationship. Stated as findings from this prospective study from birth to five years of age are that ED mothers and their offspring and most specifically their daughters "interact differently than NED mothers and their children in the areas of feeding, food uses and weight concerns. Two factors are stated to contribute to these differences: (1) the daughters of ED mothers appear to have a greater avidity for feeding early in development than the comparison groups; and (2) there is evidence that ED mothers behave differently toward their offspring in that they use food for purposes other than nutrition including for providing rewards, calming the child and in a feed schedule that is much less organized. (Agras, Hammer, and McNicholas, 1997)
The work of Hirokane, Tokumura, Kimura, and Saito (2005) entitled: "Influences of Mothers' dieting behaviors on Their Junior High School Daughters" reports a study that investigated "the influences of mothers' dieting behaviors on their junior high school daughters." The study reports assessing dieting behaviors and eating habits in 221 pairs of mothers and the junior high school daughters using questionnaires." Participants were classified into an extraordinary-diet (Ex-D) group, who attempted to diet gradually with health methods and non-diet (N-D) group using the questionnaire scores.
Findings in the study report: (1) A significant correlation was observed in the distribution of dieting behavior groups between the mothers and their daughters; (2) The scores for dieting behavior of the mothers whose daughters were classified into...
Abstract Eating disorders are the number one cause of mortality among mental disorders. A significant portion of women in America suffer from eating disorders. This paper describes these disorders and identifies common, practical and theoretical approaches to eating disorders that are used by counselors, therapists and care givers to help women overcome their struggles. It discusses some of the causes of these disorders. Finally, it identifies the how the Christian perspective
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