¶ … Population of the City of Atlantis on March 30, 2003 = 183,000
of new active cases of TB occurring between January 1 and June 30, 2003 = 52
of active TB cases according to the city register on June 30, 2003 = 238
The incidence rate of active cases of TB for the 6-month period was: [ONE POINT]
per 100,000 population per 100,000 population per 100,000 population per 100,000 population
130 per 100,000 population
183,000 is 183% of 100,000, so the rate per 100,000 would be 52 divided by 1.84...or 28.
The prevalence of active TB as of June 30, 2003, was: [ONE POINT]
14 per 100,000 population
130 per 100,000 population
144 per 100,000 population
264 per 100,000 population
e. none of the above
B -- using the same math as above...except it's 238 / 1.84 -- 129.3
3. Which of the following is an advantage of active surveillance? [ONE POINT]
a. requires less project staff
b. is relatively inexpensive to employ
c. more accurate due to reduced reporting burden for health care providers
d. relies on different disease definitions to account for all cases
e. reporting systems can be developed quickly
C -- page 38 in the source material...chapter 3.
Question 4 is based on the information given below:
In an Asian country with a population of 10 million people, 80,000 deaths occurred during the year ending December 31, 2005. These deaths included 50,000 deaths from cholera in 90,000 people who were sick with cholera.
4. What was the case-fatality rate from cholera in 2005? [ONE POINT]
It would be 55%. There were 50,000 deaths from cholera and that was from a wider pool of 90,000. 50,000 is 55% of 90,000.
5. What would be the effect on age-specific incidence rates if women with hysterectomies were included in the denominator of calculations, assuming that there are some women in each age group who have had hysterectomies? [ONE POINT]
a. the rates would remain the same
b. the rates would tend to decrease
c. the rates would tend to increase
d. the rates would increase in older groups and decrease in younger groups
e. it cannot be determined whether the rates would increase or decrease
E -- need more data. If it is accepted that there are people in each group, the rate variation would vary based on the number of applicable women in each group. To know the rates, the numerator AND the denominator would need to be known for each group that is under review.
Question 6 is based on the following information:
A colon cancer screening study is being conducted in Nottingham, England. Individuals 50 to 75 years old will be screened with the Hemoccult test. In this test, a stool sample is tested for the presence of blood.
6. If the Hemoccult test result is negative, no further testing is done. If the Hemoccult test result is positive, the individual will have a second stool sample tested with the Hemoccult II test. If this second sample also tests positive for blood, the individual will be referred for more extensive evaluation. What is the effect on net sensitivity and net specificity of this method of screening? [ONE POINT]
a. Net sensitivity and net specificity are both increased
b. Net sensitivity is decreased and net specificity is increased
c. Net sensitivity remains the same and net specificity is increased
d. Net sensitivity is increased and net specificity is decreased
e. The effect on net sensitivity and net specificity cannot be determined from the data
B - https://prezi.com/v4hgmes6tnly/use-of-multiple-tests-two-stage-testing-simultaneous-testing-net-sensitivity-net-specificity/
7. At an initial examination in Oxford, Mass., migraine headache was found in 5 of 1,000 men aged 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1,000 women aged 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have a two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than do men in this age group is: [ONE POINT]
a. correct
b. incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates
c. incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups
d. incorrect, because no data for a comparison or control group are given
e. incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence
A -- The sample is the same size and the age group is the same size...it is only the incidence rate that is different. As such, it is indicated that the rate is doubled.
8. Age-adjusted death rates are used to: [ONE POINT]
a. Correct death rates for errors...
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