How could they take out an element that was supposed to aid in a person's salvation? A lot of church leaders continued a "sub rosa" promotion of polygamy, starting what is now called the post-Manifesto era (2011). President Wilford Woodruff, George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith, sent Mormons to church colonies in Mexico to take part in plural marriages (2011). (Some of those people included Brigham Young Jr.) a great deal of these marriages were sealed in Mexico by Anthony Ivins, who later became a member of the First Presidency. Other post-Manifesto marriages were done in Canada, on ships on the Pacific Ocean, and in Utah as well as other neighboring states (2011).
These marriages were not able to keep their secrecy, and when the news got out, there were many anti-polygamy activists who were incredibly angry. Apostle Reed Smoot, a monogamist and member of the Church of Latter-day Saints, was elected as a U.S. Senator in 1904, but the Senate refused him until he examined the Latter-day Saints' allegiance to its public Manifesto (Compton 2011).. The hearings caused a great deal of humiliation for the Latter-day Saints church. Joseph F. Smith came out with a "Second Manifesto" in 1904, which stated once again that the church had done away with polygamy (2011). John Taylor and Matthias Cowley, two apostles who were important in post-Manifesto marriages, were released from the Quorum of Twelve and excommunicated from the church in one case and disfellowshipped from the church in the other (2011). Since then, Latter-day Saints members who partake in plural marriages have been excommunicated when they are discovered. Mormons have thus had to choose monogamy in order to have a place in modern day American culture (2011).
There are still Mormon fundamentalists who insist on practicing "the principle" -- though there is the risk of being excommunicated from the church (Compton 2011). These people traced their authority lineage through what they call a "secret transfer of authority" effected by John Taylor in 1886 (2011). Many of today's polygamists view Mormon church presidents after Taylor as betrayers to the restored religion that Joseph Smith founded (2011).
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Stenhouse demonstrates remarkable insight into the gender roles and norms that plural marriage entails. The marriage is qualitatively different than a monogamous one. As Stenhouse notes, the husband "aims to be looked upon more as a ruler than as the head of a family," (149). Flowers confirms Stenhouse's observations, "the practice of polygamy tended to instill in people the attitude of despotism or authoritarianism" (22). Polygamy also reveals a
Instead, it can be observed that the social environment changed, and the Mormons simply adapted to this social environment change in their society (Brehm & Eisenhauer, 2006:406). Based on McConkie and Boss's (2006) analysis of Mormon culture at present, it was observed that Mormons still observed the basic theological principles that Mormons of the early years (i.e., fundamentalist years) have practiced. That is, they still subsisted to the belief that
Polygamy Should the state of Missouri legalize polygamy? Comprising 114 counties, Missouri is a U.S. state located in mid-west of the country. The debate of whether or not legalize polygamy (i.e. one man marrying many women) is ethically evaluated here using ethical method and theories. Five-point analysis method for resolving ethical dilemmas Ethical questions are deep rooted in the emotions of individuals as well as the society. It is not easy to present and
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