"The north half is often called a fountainhead of modern architecture because of its total absence of exterior ornament. Root evidently felt that all that was needed here was graceful form for the structure itself. The south half of the building, on the other hand, is a masterful early application of classical architectural principles to the design of a tall building" ("History," Monadnock Building, 2008).
The early death of Root was not the only problem to plague the office complex -- when the building was finally finished and built, it was "so heavy that it sank into the ground after....requiring [reinforcement]...and steps to be installed at the entrances" to support the massive weight and to enable people to enter the structure ("Monadnock Building," Archinform, 2008). There was also some contention about what style of windows to use: "Chief developer Peter Brooks originally ruled out any projecting bay windows, but he was persuaded of their financial benefit by his Chicago agent Owen Aldis" who stated that office workers would appreciate the added light from the windows, regardless of how they appeared from the outside ("The Monadnock,"Emporis, 2008).
Roth's acquiescence to his patrons' demands, and the more conservative orientation of the second largest architectural firm in Chicago, Holabird & Roche, is what keeps the Monadnock from being considered thoroughly modernistic in style. "In spite of Root's artistic achievement in making the tall building a unified, coherent statement, it was structurally traditional, employing cast iron and wrought iron framing only for window spandrels and the internal frame"("The Monadnock," Emporis, 2008).
This is why the walls at ground level had to be so thick to carry the upper floors, such "massive bulk then rested on an immense iron and reinforced concrete raft" (Roth 176).
Still, the Monadnock marks a historic occasion history of architecture and urban structural methods, as the north half of the Monadnock remains the tallest building ever supported almost exclusively by brick, a support style retained by the original south half of the building. The later addition to the south quarter improved upon the building's support system, after the original 'sinkage' problem, thus this section is "is supported entirely by a steel frame, as were most of the tall buildings that followed it. Today, this is called 'curtain wall'...
During the construction process, dead loads "can be accurately calculated," (Brannigan: 15). Yet, live loads are much harder to plan for. Carefully planning for the planning of these types of considerations in building design has been crucial. Recent fire codes have begun to implement live load constrictions. All of these elements can have an effect on the health of a structure during a disaster like a fire. Constructing smart means
Building Codes In modern building construction, there are numerous codes and regulations that contractors and builders are compelled by law to follow. Though different states and municipalities have variation in their particular regulatory regimes, there are some standard guidelines that all state and local governments must abide. First, regulations require buildings to be structurally sound; that is, in the case of fire or disaster, buildings and homes must be able to
The fires burned "out of control" on six of the lower floors at #7 which seriously damaged the floor framing on several floors. When a main girder on the 13th floor "lost its connection to a critical interior column that provided support for the long floor spans" on the east side of #7, that caused the 13th floor to collapse and from there on down it was like a
Within the project management process, there are monetary values that stakeholders allot to manage the risks in order to enhance the successful completion of the project. Suppose, stakeholders allot $250,000 to manage the project risks and after completion of the project, a project manager will calculate all the costs used in the risk management. The total costs used to manage the risks will determine the risks management outcome of
Codes and Regulations Building rules are applicable in situations whereby the property owners decide to modify, demolish or establish heir buildings according to the jurisdiction of the building codes and conducts. According to Ching and Winkel (2012), structures and construction projects are governed by various codes and regulations during the construction of new houses, refurbishments and changes in the use of building among other construction activities. These building codes and regulations
Inexcusable delay - these postponements outcome from a contractor's own fault or his subcontractors or substantial dealers Table 3-1 the Most Important Delay Factors According to Contractors Type Delay factor Rank Scheduling Preparation and approval of shop drawings 1 Financing Delays in contractors progress payment by owner 2 Changes Design change by owner during construction 2 Material Delay in the special manufacture out side of Saudi Arabia 4 Financing Owners cash problems during construction 5 Contractual relationship Slowness of owner's decision making process 6 Material Slow delivery of construction material 7 Changes Design errors made by designers 7 Scheduling Waiting for
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now