Roughly nine out of ten African-American females were victims of violence, twice the rate of white females (Ethnic pp). Moreover, 79% of African-American males were shown as verbally and physically aggressive, compared to 57% of white males (Ethnic pp).
According to a 1998 study, children associate white characters with various attributes, such as having lots of money, being well educated, being a leaders, doing well in school, and being intelligent, while they associate minority characters with breaking the law, having a difficult time financially, being lazy, and acting goofy (Ethnic pp). Some researchers argue that if a group is over-represented, they see many opportunities and choices, while if they are under-represented, the reverse is true (Ethnic pp). Therefore, the media can grant legitimacy by including people and showing them respect, thus fair and equal representation is an essential part of a healthy and tolerant multicultural society (Ethnic pp). A 2002 study concluded that "minorities are even more underrepresented in key behind-the-scenes creative and decision-making positions than they are on the television screen, leading many analysts to wonder if the dearth of minority executives, producers, directors and screenwriters is fuelling the tendency to ignore or misrepresent ethnic groups (Ethnic pp). Moreover, 83% of black writers surveyed wrote for shows starring primarily black people, even though white writers often write for black shows (Ethnic pp).
Of more than 1,300 prime time television advertisements conducted to assess the frequency and nature of Asian-American representation, researchers found that Asian male and female models are "over-represented" in terms of proportion of the population, 3.6%, appearing in 8.4% of the commercials (Stern pp). Yet, Asian models are more likely than members of other minority groups to appear in background roles, and Asian women are rarely depicted in major roles (Stern pp). The findings also indicate that portrayals of Asian-Americans put so much emphasis on the work ethic that other aspects of life seldom appear (Stern pp). For example, Asian models are over-represented in business settings and relationships and under-represented in home settings and family or social relationships (Stern pp). The findings suggest opportunities for advertisers who depict Asian-Americans in non-stereotypical ways (Stern pp). However, Asian-Americans are considered a "model minority" whose premium demographic profile includes "affluence, high education, and managerial/professional occupations...and rapid growth in number make them an attractive market" (Stern pp).
Among young household heads, black women are employed at lower rates than white women, following a pattern found among young men (Browne pp).
Research finds that young female household heads that reside in the central city experience a drop in employment with increases in the "suburbanization" of low-skill jobs (Browne pp). Moreover, young black women are losing employment from the relative expansion of retail trade industries, while young white women are not (Browne pp). The literature suggests that the underlying mechanisms that account for this involve group differences in skills and/or discrimination by employers, coworkers, or customers (Browne pp).
Yet another study reveals that while African-American men are stereotyped as resentful, angry and even violent, African-American women are viewed as more stable, cooperative, and hard working (Gilbert pp). In fact, African-American women have a higher labor force participation than European-American or Latina women (Gilbert pp). From 1979 to 1989, the proportion of African-American...
Diversity in employment within community colleges seems higher than that of four-year colleges and universities on the national level. Research indicates community colleges engage more actively in recruiting and retaining more women and minorities than that of four-year colleges. Recent literature (within the last five years) explains some of the steps communities and community colleges have taken to become more inclusive. This shows not only that community colleges are willing
Under these circumstances, an ethical dilemma is born. Should society control its development or leave it to chance? And in the case that it should control it, which categories should it help? If the person in the above mentioned example is helped, we could assume that in a certain way, the person who was not helped because he or she already disposed of the necessary means, the latter one might
In this regard, Lott points out, "Between 70% and 80% of police departments explicitly use norming of physical standards in their hiring practices. However, most of the departments that use objective standards do not enforce these rules. Women who fail to meet the absolute standards during academy training are unlikely to be failed out of the program" (p. 276). This lack of consistency in how these standards are applied
Women are just as capable (and more capable in some areas) as men are, and they should be treated equally in the workplace. In addition, men should take on some of the household duties, and women should have more than simply part-time opportunities open to them. The Canadian economy is facing many threats from overseas, and to devalue women and the contribution they could make is shortchanging Canadian women,
Women's Oppression, Racism, Colonialism And Feminism "The Committee is concerned that women's access to justice is limited, in particular because of women's lack of information on their rights, lack of legal aid, the insufficient understanding of the convention by the judiciary and the lengthy legal processes which are not understood by women. The Committee is concerned that physical and psychological violence cases are particularly difficult to be prosecuted in the legal
Women's Isolation Despite representing half of the human population, until very recently women were not afforded the same rights and freedoms as men. Furthermore, in much of the world today women remain marginalized, disenfranchised, and disempowered, and even women in the United States continue to face undue discrimination, whether in the workplace, at home, or in popular culture. However, this should not be taken as a disregarding of the hard-fought accomplishments
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