Military Intelligence
The objective of Part One of this study is to examine the use of Unmanned Vehicle Systems in intelligence collection and how this has expanded significantly. This work will discuss the major trends in UV utilization in intelligence collection, as well as some of the moral and ethical concerns when utilizing UVs. Part Two of this study will examine Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), which has been around for many years and will discuss some of the keep issues in OSINT and whether or not this is a valuable platform for the intelligence community.
Unmanned Vehicle Systems: Ethical, Legal and Moral Considerations
The work of Waddell (2007) entitled "A Theoretical, Legal and Ethical Impact of Robots on Warfare" reports that robotics are involved in assisting the reduction of participation of human beings in conflict and introduction of robots on the battlefield. This participation is large in scale and such that will serve to transform the combat environment more so than any other technology introduced into the battlefield arena since "it will ultimately remove man from the battlefield." (p.1)
The Statement of John Edward Jackson (2010) in a statement prepared for the United States House of Representatives Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs reports that students "are acutely aware of the ethical and legal issues associated with the employment of robotic systems in combat. Of particular concern is the possibility that unmanned/robotic systems could be programmed to make lethal decisions in combat situations without active human participation in the kill chain." (p.5) The Drone was named weapon of the year in 'Time Magazine' (2012) and reported is that more than 7,000 drones in the air were being used by the military with this number significantly rising.
Artificial intelligence is reported as "…part of computer science that is the intelligence and cause of action of a machine, both in hardware and software form." (Hanson, 2012, p.1) Artificial intelligence or 'AI' is reported as being "at the forefront of drone technology development." (Hanson, 2012 p.1) AI can act in an autonomous manner in terms of its both hardware and software and AI enables use of "rapid data processing, pattern recognition, and environmental perception sensors to make decisions and carry out goals and tasks." (Hanson, 2012, p.1) In addition, Artificial Intelligence "seeks to emulate human intelligence, using these sensors to understand and process to solve and adapt to problems in real time." (Hanson, 2012, p.1)
While human beings have the capacity to make sense out of visual and audio information through use of intelligence and since intelligence includes characteristics of flexible response to situations and to disseminate information from conflicting or ambiguous messages as well as acknowledge the priority of various situational elements and ultimately draw distinctions, there are legal, moral and ethical questions in these areas in regards to Artificial Intelligence capabilities. In fact, the primary issue is whether a computer can actually be in possession of intelligence.
Professor Paul Edwards of the University of Michigan is reported to have stated that scientists are in the beginnings of simulating some of the "functional aspects of biological neurons and their synaptic connections, neural networks could recognize patterns and solve certain kinds of problems without explicitly encoded knowledge or procedures…" (Hanson, 2012, p.2) This is reported to mean that Artificial Intelligence is "beginning to incorporate human biology to make it think." (Hanson, 2012, p.2) There are however skeptics who hold that Artificial Intelligence will never possess capacity that surpasses the capacity of the intelligence of human beings since the human being is very advanced and while a machine might be able to conduct faster calculation of data the machine will never reach the complexity of the brain of the human being.
Hanson (2012) reports that the computer systems if they are to emulate the human thinking process are reliant on programmed "expert systems" which is stated to be a type of Artificial Intelligence that serves as "an intelligent assistant to the AIs human user." The expert system is more than a computer program with the capacity to conduct searches and to retrieve information but rather an expert system is in possession of "expertise, pools information and creates its own conclusion emulating human reason." (Hanson, 2012, p.3)
An expert system is reported to have three components that make the expert system more advanced in the area of technology than the "simple informational retrieval system." (Hanson, 2012, p.3) Those three components include: (1) a knowledge base or a collection of declarative knowledge or facts procedural knowledge...
Against InclusionThe inclusion of cultural and human geographic concepts in military and intelligence operations might seem potentially advantageous operationally, but it presents substantial ethical dilemmas and risks misusing sensitive cultural information, compromising research objectivity, and fostering mistrust due to perceived ulterior motives. This is why we are against it.Historical Misuse of Social SciencesOne of the primary concerns is the historical misuse of the social sciences in conflict zones. The integration
MILITARY vs. POLICE INTELLIGENCE Military Operations vs. Police Operations What is the best way to gather intelligence? Strengths and weaknesses of military operations and intelligence vs. police operations and intelligence Although there are certain similarities between the organization of the military and the police in terms of their hierarchical natures and systems of control, their mentalities regarding intelligence-gathering are very different. This makes the sharing of intelligence all the more crucial between these two
The report mentions that almost 3-4% of the keys could not be resolved. Thereby, it can be argued here that great advantages were gained when Americans decoded Japanese conversation 2. Radio Traffic Unit There is a naval intelligence installed at the Pearl Harbor was using the radio traffic unit and it was working to find out and analyze the location of Japanese ships. In this case, the Japanese messages could not
Sometimes, it is even necessary to carry out certain clandestine operations like deceptions, clandestine collection of information, covert actions, and also the carrying out of the exercise of distributing disinformation or misleading information, which would mislead the suspected threat. The United States Intelligence Community is, as stated earlier, made up a number of different agencies. The Central Intelligence Agency is one of these. Also known popularly as the CIA, this
By 1945, the OSS was abolished and by 1947 the National Security Act had completely transferred the task of espionage and intelligence from military to civilian hands ("United States Intelligence"). This transfer set the stage for the successes and failures of the U.S. intelligence community during the early Cold War. It meant that U.S. intelligence was much more greatly coordinated and more aggressively implemented during that period to some apparent
intelligence analysis process have been discussed. This paper puts light on what basically is intelligence analysis and how can it be improved. It discusses ways via which intelligence analysis can be made more focused and more effective. It puts light on how better sharing and provision of information, collection and analysis of correct data and fact and figures can benefit the intelligence analysis process. This paper also puts light on
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now