Pertussis, sometimes called "whooping cough," is a sometimes severe respiratory illness caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussim or. B. pertussi, which is Gram-negative (Todar, 2002). Its reservoir is restricted to humans and possibly other higher primates such as chimpanzees (Todar, 2002). Pertussis can be a mild disease in adults, sometimes misdiagnosed as bronchitis (AMA, 2002), but has a significant rate of mortality in infants. Until a vaccine was developed for B. pertussi, pertussis was a frequent and severe illness among infants in the United States as well as the rest of the world. It is spread through exposure to the bacteria, by inhaling the B. pertussi from others who have coughed or sneezed (AMA, 2002). Pertussis has an incubation period of one to three weeks (CHP, 2002). Once the infected person becomes ill, the disease presents in two stages. During the first stage, it resembles a milder respiratory illness, with fever, coughing and a general feeling of being ill. Over the first ten days or so, the symptoms become more severe, especially in...
Pertussis bacteria also produce chemicals that cause inflammation, damaging the lining of the breathing passages (AMA, 2002). Some of these toxins may aid in the disease's progress by breaking down cell walls and making it easier for the bacteria to take hold (Todar, 2002).
Biology of Behavior The biology of human behavior is rooted in the fact that human beings are animals, in the sense that they are biological creatures and are the result of millions of years of evolution with a physical make up that forms us into creatures that are fitter and more suitable for surviving and adapting to the physical environment all together. Even though a human being is still an animal
3) A seed is really a small plant embryo, surrounded by a nutritional layer known as the endosperm, all of which is covered in a hard protective shell called the seed coating. Fertilization occurred; all that is needed is the proper environment to encourage the embryo to grow. When this occurs, the plant quickly sprouts, first producing stem and leaves for support and the gathering of water and nutrients, as well
G Protein-Linked Receptors An organism must respond appropriately to its internal and external environments day after day in order to survive. The organism's cells respond to internal and external stimuli much like tiny computers that process numerous inputs and also produce numerous outputs in daily existence (Kennedy 2004). These stimuli are signals that come from the general environment or the cells of other or co-existing organisms, proximate or distant, and this
Digestion: Meat eaters vs. Vegetarians Biology, digestive Digestion Vegetarians vs. Meat-eaters The purpose of this paper is to compare vegetarians and meat-eaters through the digestive system as to processing to examine how research can assist in the study of lengthening the human life span. Due to time limitations the method of research in this study will be that of a literature review of information available concerning elements and factors in terms of digestion as compared
Prions: Proteinaceous Infectious Particles" Recent cases of Mad Cow Disease have focused the public attention on prion diseases and the small proteins that are believed to cause them. The scientific community has been slow to recognize this mechanism of disease, since prion-caused encephalopathies can demonstrate diverse symptoms, and share characteristics with other disorders, such as dementia. Prions, as the acronym (Proteinaceous Infectious Particles) suggests, are small proteins that are typically expressed in brain
They are composed of a double membrane, one side of which separates it from the cytosol, and the other side of which contains the material that it is transporting. Their membranes can be joined with the plasma membrane to deliver material into and out of the cell, and can be fused with other organelles to gather material for digestion, storage, or transport. Cilia: Along with the flagella, the cilia are
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