Did the crafts and guilds actually build a foundation for formal business and social organizations? This also is very likely. And indeed, isn't it germane to explore what the growth, development and ultimate sophistication of medieval crafts and guilds may have led to? In the interest of the big picture, this paper looks now at that pivotal point through an interesting, lengthy article written ten years before Rosser's piece, Alfred Kieser

French 130) There is a clear sense that medicine in many ways changed dramatically after the many plagues began to ravage the European world. Physicians were often called to gain further understanding of what caused the plague and how to avoid it or even treat it when it was possible. (French 129) Medieval medicine was truly not a dark practice of seedy solutions to unknown and superstitious problems. It was the

In England, the characteristics of what came to be known as English Gothic architecture and design is best illustrated by the Cathedral of Salisbury, built between 1220 and 1260 a.D. In order for this building to appeal to the citizens, the architects decided to construct it in a park, surrounded by verdant lawns and great stately trees. Unlike cathedrals and churches in France, this building does not reach high into

Thus, stylistically, they may have owed a great deal to the Persian-style painting traditions in the lands from which the relics came. However, only vestiges remain today, making it difficult to ascertain this for a certainty (Derbes, 1995). S. Maria in Cosmedin's connection with the tradition of Marian veneration and with the entire substrate of Eastern/Islamic influence is easier to trace. The church began as a fourth-century loggia, was enclosed

The representations to be found in literature are echoed in the history of medieval times, akin to art imitating life in the most literal sense. Before the emergence of the major dissenters who gained much ground in medieval times, the papacy fought against anticlerical dissent from many other sources as well. Much of this centered on allegations of corruption within the Catholic clergy and the perceived decadence of certain leaders.

Medieval Art Dearest Friend, I have travelled around the world and looked for the top five examples of Medieval Art. I believe the following are these: http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/images/wiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg/220px-Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg Angouleme Cathedral in France embodies the Romanesque aesthetic of the Medieval period. There are many castles that show the Romanesque style, but there are far more churches, the church being a very important aspect of life in medieval times. The columns and pillars of the Roman style