Medieval Christian World-View of St. Thomas Aquinas
M]an is directed to God, as to an end that surpasses the grasp of his reason... Whereas man's whole salvation, which is in God, depends upon the knowledge of this truth. Therefore, in order that the salvation of men might be brought about more fitly and more surely, it was necessary that they should be taught divine truths by divine revelation.
Pt. I, Q. 1, Art. 1]
For St. Thomas Aquinas, the purpose and meaning of human life in all its aspects are ultimately to be found in God and salvation: "Sacred doctrine" is thus the greatest and most important element of philosophy; for Aquinas the highest and truest philosophy is thus Christian philosophy. Sacred doctrine is not just one branch of human science among others, but the most important knowledge available to human beings, for "the purpose of this science, in so far as it is practical, it eternal bliss" [Pt. I, Q. 1, Art. 5]. Sacred doctrine deals, as its object, with something that cannot be directly apprehended or fully known by human knowledge, but only ultimately approached and understood through faith: God Himself. Yet Aquinas is clear that through sacred doctrine humanity can know enough of God and His purposes by understanding the nature of Christian salvation by "treat[ing] of God viewed as the highest cause - not only so far as He can be known through creatures just as philosophers knew Him... But also so far as He is known to Himself alone and revealed to others" [Pt. I, Q. 1, Art. 6].
The world is the creation of God and is centered, for Aquinas, on God, and all human endeavour should ultimately be directed towards a knowledge of God and the divine mystery of human salvation. It is...
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