Media
The age of typography began with the Enlightenment and flourished in the New World, and coincided with significant social, political, and economic changes. As Postman (2005) points out in Amusing Ourselves to Death, Protestants with a predilection toward intellectualism made books and reading integral to American life. "The influence of the printed word in every arena of public discourse was insistent and powerful not merely because of the quantity of printed matter but because of its monopoly," (Postman, 2005, p. 41). In other words, print had a monopoly on information, communication, and the exchange of ideas. Print became endowed with a level of political and social significance that it does not have in the digital age, as there are now multiple modes of information exchange. When printed matter was all there was, the very ideals of democracy depended on it.
During the typographic age, content was meaningful as well as rational. Readers and writers were engaged in a dialectic, which stimulated intellectual life. This was even true for religious discourse, which comprised a fairly large portion of writing and intellectualism in pre-Industrial America. All major universities were, after all, founded by religious organizations. The connection between religion and intelligence is much less apparent today than it was several centuries ago. Religion, intellect, and public discourse were all entwined due to the supremacy of print. The manifest content of sermons would have actually been intellectual and thoughtful in tone, unlike the emotional drivel that guides sermons in the age of television (Postman, 2005, p. 56).
Reading itself was like a sacred act during the typographic age (Postman, 2005, p. 61). Without electricity, Americans would devote time and eye strain to reading. The supremacy of print led to the belief in and support of universal education. Although Postman (2005) does not delve too deeply into race and gender implications, it can easily be seen that literacy was a form of political power reserved largely for white males. Slaves were prevented from reading precisely because reading was a form of political empowerment.
Furthermore, the age of print media impacted legal discourse in America. The act of writing is essentially rational and legalistic. Print depends on critical engagement and logical flow. Postman (2005)...
In this crucial first printing development, a raised, reversed image of each letter could be hand-set, placing each word side by side, into a frame that held the combined pieces. Ink was applied to the raised letters and a sheet of paper placed over them and pressed down. This reverse stamp created a correct mirror image on the paper of the desired text. When enough copies were printed, the
This means that designers do not have the ultimate control, as they have had for centuries in other printed matter. The user now has the ultimate control, and they can alter the aspects of a Web page at the click of a mouse. Internet typography has evolved from very simple fonts and colors on a plain background, to intensely graphic and easy to navigate Web sites that draw the user
Ben & Jerry's: A Strategic marketing plan Ben & Jerry's the international leader in handcrafted ice cream with a social conscious is analyzed in this strategic marketing report. Developed on an integrated public-private business prospectus, the Company set the tone for trailblazing product and brand identity configurations with an ethic of social responsibility and global sustainability long before it was customary. Although now subsidiary to the products and services giant, Unilever, Ltd.
To be sure, under the label Art Nouveau, there resides a long list of diverse artistic styles, from two dimensional arts to constructive and geometrical arts. Art Nouveau was an important architectural movement, inspired by the inherent patterns of nature. For example, C.F.A. Voysey's textile prints showcase plant forms in free curves, while Christopher Dresser's design philosophy stemmed from his knowledge of botany. Aubrey Beardsley (1872-98) is famous for his
Life as a graphic designer vs. An illustrator 'What can you do with an art degree?' This is a common question asked of students who major in studio art or who get an MFA (Masters of Fine Arts). However, there are many professions which allow artists to create art and make a living. Two of these professions are that of a graphic designer and an illustrator. These professions share the
Weddings by Alice Web Site Evaluation This paper reviews a wedding planner's website, Weddings by Alice, located at this URL: http://www.weddingsbyalice.com/. The review covers architecture as well as design elements, including site organization, navigation, page layout, and graphic content. Our analysis also discusses effective design principles, and we cite examples where they were followed and where they were not. Throughout the paper we make a series of suggestions for improvement.
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