But when it's a liberal issue being discussed, NPR has a liberal and a conservative on together.
Endorsement / Disparagement: Some media use "labels" like "the president's firm leadership" and "a strong defense" without offering any details as to why the president's leadership is "firm" or the defense is "strong." The campaign in California (Proposition 226) against unions used the phrase "union bosses" often, to give a negative tone to unions, but corporate executives were never alluded to as "corporate bosses."
Framing: Another kind of manipulation mentioned by Parenti is "Framing": this involves "bending the truth rather than breaking it." Examples of framing include: using an uncomplimentary photograph of a politician that the newspaper doesn't respect; packaging the story so that one side looks good and the other looks bad; using a headline that only sheds some light, the desired light, on the topic, when there is a much deeper core to the story.
Placement: Framing: An example of "framing" in the placement context would be for a story that an conservative editor didn't like ending up on page 30, instead of page one or two. Let's say that a liberal senator introduced legislation that would help low-income citizens pay their taxes with a payment system, a monthly system like paying rent or credit cards; the editor of a conservative paper would not give that story much credibility by putting it in the front part of the paper.
Slanted Language: Parenti points out that the word (label) "reform" is often misused but it has a nice positive ring to it. The phrase, "welfare reform," Parenti writes, was actually a program which eliminated family assistance programs, but when the word "reform" was attached to the policy, as a label, it didn't sound like taking the food out of the mouths, and the clothes off the backs, of the poor. It came out a nice slanted message through a manipulated phrase.
Conclusion
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