To this point, Chouliarki (2000) argues that "the facilitation of deliberative processes among audiences is a matter not only of changing institutional arrangements (towards a regulation of marketized media) but also of changing the mode of articulation of media discourse itself; even though the latter may be a consequence of the former, each is a sine qua non-for deliberative democracy." (Chouliarki, 293) To an extent then, these approaches to language

language is defined by a unique grammar, every culture and society is also defined by a unique visual grammar. This latter is usually much less obvious even to the "natives" of a culture. One reason for this lack of transparency of visual grammar is that it is not explicitly taught in the same way that linguistic grammar is. Another reason that the visual grammar of any society is less

language-in-use, whether it is presented as text or speech. The meaning of the term is very heterogeneous and covers more than one approach to this subject. These approaches are very different with regard to their focus, purpose and techniques. As far as focus is concerned, discourse analysis may concentrate on the conclusions of the discourse itself or on the social processes and structure in accordance to which the discourse is

globalization effect or reason for the creation of Hip-Hop Culture in the Western province in Saudi (Jeddah)? Saudi Arabia is a country of variety and as of recently, hip-hop. The hip-hop culture of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia's western province, is a culture that signifies not only a new trend of music and interests never seen before in the area, but also an embrace of modern symbols, meaning, and language that could

Non-Pronominal Coding of Active Referents The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of English sentence structures with regard to non-pronominal coding of active referents. In order to do this, it is important to have a baseline definition of non-pronominal (NP) coding and active referents. We look to recent literature and case study of not only English but other languages examined to understand sentence structure. Upon reviewing the literature,

Coping Through the Use of Informal Institutions during COVID-19 in South Africa, Nigeria, and SwazilandChapter 1: IntroductionThe global outbreak of COVID-19 raises many concerns regarding how individuals and communities who live in African countries, with fragile health systems, cope with the pandemic. During past pandemics, individuals and communities in Africa have relied on customary practices and traditions, also commonly referred to as informal institutions (Moore, 2020). Informal institutions have continued