It is thought, however, that bile salts are mainly responsible for this problem. When biopsies are taken, they reveal both macrophage infiltration and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. Soon, alveolar edema occurs, along with the formation of hyaline membranes. It is possible that the surfactant may be inactivated, but it can also be secreted, and pulmonary hemorrhaging may also occur. Some research samples have also shown the presence of microthrombi located in the pulmonary vasculature, as well as a more pronounced muscularization and thickness of the distal arterioles in the lungs (pedsccm.wustl.edu, n.d.). Where medical care and treatment is concerned, prevention is very important. Monitoring fetal status and paying close attention to problems is something that all obstetricians should be aware of. However, if prevention is not possible, there are some things that can be done in the way of treatment for MAS. There are medications that can be given to these infants to help...
Surfactant replacement is also important. These tiny patients should also be checked out for potential cardiac problems and if there is pulmonary hypertension present, that should be treated as well. When steps are taken to help these newborns, almost all of them will recover all of their pulmonary function completely and have no lasting problems from the MAS that they had at birth. There is a higher infection chance in their first year, however, so they must be cared for carefully by parents and others that watch over them (www.emedicine.com,2004).
Here, the research suggests that "cardiac depression may also cause fluid to back up into the pulmonary system, resulting in pulmonary edema" (Aucoin, 2011, p 12). Moreover, increasing releases of aldosterone can also cause the body to retain fluid and sodium which can lead to endothelial dysfunction and organ fibrosis (Hobbs & Boyle, 2010). Other Systems Along with other systems, there is an impact on the thyroid as well when examining
Pathophysiology of Pain Pain is a physical manifestation of something being wrong within the body. Pain is an indicator of an injury or of a physical illness. Often, it is one of the first indicators that there is something wrong with the health of the patient and anyone experiencing pain should seek medical attention. Acute, chronic, and referred pain are three very different things but are often confused, even by medical
Pathophysiology of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease The author provides a comprehensive overview of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, including discussions about what is generally known about the disease with regard to heritability, disease progression, and risk factors. Findings from relevant studies on the association of LOAD with genotypes, cellular processes, and patterns of brain deterioration are provided. Brief discussions of pharmacological treatments and future research are included. Key words: Alzheimer's, late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is
Bibliography Fenton, Drew Evan (2010) Myocardial Infarction. eMedicine. 24 Jun 2010) Online available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/759321-overview Fletcher GF, Balady G, Blair SN, et al. Statement on exercise: benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans: a statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1996;94:857 -- 862. [PubMed] cited in Williams, Paul T. 2010) Physical Fitness and
Diagnostic Studies In basic terms, medical and family histories act as the basis for CAD diagnosis. In this case, abnormal levels of blood proteins, glucose, cholesterol or fats are risk factors for CAD. Further, the risk of CAD is identified by recording electrical purses of the heart using an electrocardiogram. For purposes of indicating heart failure, a chest x-ray may be taken. Any injury in heart muscles can be identified through
Pathophysiology-Liver Disease The case study is of a 66-year-old man who has been drinking and smoking daily for 30 years. He admits to smoking two packs of cigarette per day and to drinking three glasses of brown alcohol daily for 30 years. Currently his family describes his behavior as erratic; he gets frustrated easily and gets quite aggressive at times. He visited his family doctor after a recent episode of hematemesis
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