45). With the ideology of the ownership class necessarily becoming the dominant ideology throughout the world not simply through the spread of industry and capitalism but through dramatic changes in international trade and economies brought about by capitalist/industrialist changes in single countries, the bourgeoisie acquires (or acquired) dramatic power to shape global events and politics through their shaping of the thoughts that can be had and the modes by which they can be expressed -- through their control over rhetorical interpretations and expression, in other words.
Implications of Marx's Rhetorical Theory
Using a Marxist approach to rhetorical theory has a variety of benefits and drawbacks to theorists and critics working from many different perspectives. The benefits to such a perspective are clear, if somewhat ominous -- they give concrete and measurable ways in which to develop an understanding of thought itself, and of how thoughts are created and expressed (and how thoughts can be created and expressed). Identifying the dominant ideology, i.e. The capitalist/industrialist ideology according to Marx, identifies the types of thought and modes of thinking that can be expressed and utilized by individuals, and allows for cross-cultural comparisons of materialism and consciousness (through such things as language use) to identify the varying effects of different specific forces. In addition, Marx's perspective on rhetoric and consciousness provides a clear and concrete means of achieving material effects through rhetorical manipulations, or conversely to determine how changes in the material world might/do/have affected changes in consciousness and rhetoric. Marx's theory is not alone in taking rhetoric out of the realm of the abstract and providing a description of its concrete interactions in the material world, but it is one of the most complete and well-defined rhetorical approaches in this regard.
The drawbacks of a Marxist approach to rhetoric are not quite as easily explained, but are also very much...
Marx and Engels Marx, Engels, and Industrialization It is widely known that the philosophies of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels influentially spurred forth the creation of The Communist Manifesto, a manuscript solely detailing the purposes of communist thought and the problems of capitalistic society. Marx and Engels discuss the problems of society that hinges on class, and predicts a more potentially positive outcome in a classless world. Yet their arguments toward the
" (Marx & Engles, "The Communist Manifesto," Chapter 2) the little pin-maker is long sense dead, suggestted the authors of the "Manifesto." The little peasant or artisan has been replaced by the pin factory owner, and there is no nobility to the wage slavery of the worker to the factory. Later on, in Captial, rather than the more vehement rhetoric of the politically agitating "Manifesto," Marx was to more cautiously suggest
" Normality in this case, according to Goffman, represents a situation where everything appears contrary to what is about to take place, yet again with fewer fortunes of overturning the situation. Most of Goffman's first theoretical ideas are dramaturgical in nature. They encompass analysis of a frame of reasoning and complication of explanation while solving activities or doing work hand in hand. Goffman made use of theatre and stage presentation in
Voice, however, is usually political and confrontational. In communist societies, it is impossible to get all people to conform to an ideal without using some type of force. People view freedom as the ability to do what they want with their time and control their resources. If the state forces you to work only for its benefit and the benefit of the community, individual freedom will always be limited. This
. . ' Their authority may only be of the order and breadth determined by the Idea of the whole; they may only 'originate from its might'. That things should be so lies in the Idea of the organism. But in that case it would be necessary to show how all this might be achieved. For conscious reality must hold sway within the state." (Marx, 77) This suggests that independence
Marx Historical Context Classical sociological and economic theories like those of Karl Marx emerged in Western Europe when it was experiencing the Enlightenment, the emergence of scientific method, a growing sense of individual autonomy over one's life conditions, the emergence of private property, urban growth, and a total shattering of the social balance of relations among peoples that had been in place for centuries if not millennia. Christianity and other traditional
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