The funeral [for Jean] has begun...The scene is the library in the Langdon homestead. Jean's coffin stands where her mother and I stood, forty years ago, and were married; and where Susy's coffin stood thirteen years ago; where her mother's stood five years and a half ago; and where mine will stand after a little time." A little time indeed: Twain died on April 21, 1910.
Another health issue: Twain on smoking and the University of Rochester's use of Twain's writing
In his What is Man? And Other Essays book (pp. 216-219), one hundred and fifty years before there would be any reliable information on the link between cancer and tobacco use, Twain talks about superstitions and interesting habits regarding tobacco, and quips, "...me, who came into the world asking for a light." He pokes fun at those who thinks they know what a good cigar should taste like, and explains the "danger" into going into "rich people's houses," since their cigars, when smoked, develop "a dismal black ash and burn down the side and smell, and will grow hot to the fingers..."
As for his own tastes, Twain wrote that he liked "French, Swiss, German, and Italian domestic cigars, and would have never cared to inquire what they are made of..."
Meanwhile, health-related studies nearly two hundred years after Twain wrote that essay tapped into the author's literature. Indeed, in October, 1991, the Brown University Digest of Addiction Theory and Application published an article ("Mark Twain enlightens us about smoking cessation") that reported how doctors at the University of Rochester used Twain's writing to "encourage (or discourage) patients to quit smoking."
The study - conducted by members of the Human Motivation Program (HMP) at the University of Rochester - utilized a "self-determination theory from Twain's story, 'The Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut'." In the story, Twain's conscience appears as a "malformed but nimble dwarf who goads the rebellious Twain" into proper behavior. His Aunt Mary is the Authority Figure, who tries to get him to quit smoking his cigars.
Meanwhile, the three characters in the story, the Conscience, the Authority Figure, and the Rebellious Self (the real Twain), are part of a parable that the HMP used to illustrate that "many smokers are struggling with their Consciences over the advisability of their health behaviors. A controlling and punitive Authority Figure such as an Aunt Mary [in Twain's story] or a family physician" could cause the Rebellious Self to rebel even further, and reject any good judgment that self may have earlier exhibited.
Did the Twain-inspired model work? "Authors conclude that the...model is promising but not a panacea; 'it is not guaranteed to work, but then nothing is'," the study concluded. "It does, however," the report states, "proceed from the patient's frame of reference and, as such, we believe it holds the greatest likelihood for success."
Twain, however, would probably spin around in his grave were he to hear that one of his published stories was plugged into a seemingly pseudo-scientific research project to get people to quit doing something he loved - smoking cigars (or cigarettes, for that matter).
Summary on Twain and his views (humorous and cryptic) about medicine from a variety of his quotations
It should be mentioned that Twain was born during the Andrew Jackson presidency, and in that era, medical practices were basically unregulated. "Licensure laws were almost non-existent, and any citizen could practice medicine," according to an article in the journal, American College of Physicians ("The Pre-Flexnerian Reports: Mark Twain's Criticism of Medicine in the United States") (Ober, 1997).
The regularly practice medicine at that time ("allopathic") was also in competition with practitioners employing at least twenty-four other sects. The therapies offered by allopathic medicine - even though allopathic doctors proclaimed themselves "the norm" - had "no proven advantage over the so-called "quackery."
Twain, meanwhile, "doubted the competence and intentions of physicians as a group even as he maintained confidence in the abilities of his own physicians.
Ober quotes Twain from...
" (Ibid) the term cosmology is derived from the Greek word 'kosmos' meaning order and refers to the world and the universe. (Ibid, paraphrased) the cosmologic philosopher is stated to be on who "contemplates the nature of this order and is concerned with the relationships between the plants, the stars and the earth. The laws of the universe are important topics to cosmologic philosophers. They consider the laws of thermodynamics,
Edgar Allen Poe, Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Emily Dickinson, Mark Twain, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Harriet Beecher Stowe, James Fennimore Cooper, Mary Rowlandson, Walt Whitman) describe writing style, a discussion literary work. Edgar Allan Poe: Poe's amoral universe The American poet and short story author Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous mystery and horror writers of the 19th century. Contrary to many of his contemporaries, Poe
Experimental Research Methods in Business Experimental Research Methods The author provides a survey of the literature illustrating applied experimental research methods in cross-sections of business and organization types. The advantages and disadvantages of the experimental research methods are discussed for each of the examples provided which run the gamut from depression-era agricultural economics to research conducted for the National Science Institute. While the article focuses on business research methods, the range of
Sociology: Changing Societies in a Diverse World (Fourth Edition) George J. Bryjak & Michael P. Soroka Chapter One Summary of Key Concepts Sociology is the field of study which seeks to "describe, explain, and predict human social patterns" from a scientific perspective. And though Sociology is part of the social sciences (such as psychology and anthropology), it is quite set apart from the other disciplines in social science; that is because it emphasizes
Laughter and Healing The Effects of Laughter on the Healing Process and the Use of Technology to Track Statistics How Laughter Works Benefits of Laughter Using Technology in Humor Research Humor Therapy The Effects of Laughter on the Healing Process and the Use of Technology to Track Statistics In the United States, billions of dollars are spent every year on medical treatments (Diggs, 2004). However, according to Diggs, people often "overlook the coping mechanisms we have been
Media Bias and Public Opinion It is often suggested that pure objectivity in media reportage is a myth. This view has become accepted as fact and is supported by the research and experience of objectivity in the sciences and other disciplines. Experiments in physics (Heisenberg) have lent credence to the idea that there is always a subjective component in any investigation and that true objectivity is more of a myth and
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now