Manning shows how slavery was a key issue in the years leading up to the war, and fomented tensions throughout the war years too. In the chapter "Many Are the Hearts that are Weary Tonight," Manning discusses the "paradoxical nature of black Union soldiers' experiences, and the war in general," as black soldiers were not treated or paid equally with their white counterparts (Manning 147). Emancipation was one thing; equality yet another. As a political impetus, emancipation provided the motivation for fighting for the Union and yet the practical and pragmatic realities of ensuring the deeper principles of equality remained unresolved. There was no overarching vision for what the nation would look like once the war was over, leading ultimately to a failed program of Reconstruction. Race became a powerful propaganda weapon during the final war years, especially in the South but in the North as well. Some of the propaganda demoralized the Union troops, suggesting for instance that Lincoln was "prolonging the war…to advance black rights at the expense of whites," (Manning 154). Although Union soldiers were fighting for emancipation on paper or in theory, their personal beliefs often remained bigoted. Many opposed...
Furthermore, while acknowledging that there was a consciousness of whiteness and white superiority in other lands, such as England, Roediger points out that part of the Americanization process for European immigrants was to become white, and that this process involved internalizing feelings of racism and hatred towards blacks. Affirmative Action and the Politics of Race by Manning Marable Manning Marable is a pro-affirmative action author, and he begins his essay by
It cannot apply exactly to any individual."(Durkheim 1982, pg. 82) This is illustrating how social science is a way of objectively analyzing society. It is different from other disciplines by showing how it is seeking to look at different collective facts. This is in order to understand why everyone will behave and react in a particular fashion. (Gane 2010) (Applerouth 2008) Furthermore, it must respect all scientific principles and be
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