Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs
Overview of DOD 5000.2-R
DOD Regulation 5000.2-R of 1996 specifies "Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information Systems (MAIS)"
Its stated purpose is "to establish a simplified and flexible management framework for translating mission needs into stable, affordable, and well-managed programs" (DOD 5000.2-R). The regulation is organized into six parts with six appendices and contains thousands of specific requirements pertaining to acquisition programs. In contrast to DOD 5000.2-R, which defines an overarching DOD acquisition management process and mandatory procedures, the FAR regulates acquisition planning and contracting.
Analysis of DOD 500.2-R in Relation to Systems Engineering
Mandatory procedures for acquiring major systems are prescribed in DOD 5000.2-R
. These requirements will influence choices in acquisition planning for product lines. Despite the comprehensive size of DOD 5000.2-R, there are only a relatively small number of requirements that directly relate to product lines
. These requirements are summarized below.
Evaluation of Requirements Based on Commercial Market Potential [2.3.1]
In developing system performance requirements, DOD Components shall evaluate how the desired performance requirements could reasonably be modified to facilitate the use of potential commercial or non-developmental items, components, specifications, open standards, processes, technology
Open Systems [3.3.1]
PMs shall specify open systems objectives and document their approach for measuring the level of openness of systems, subsystems, and components to be acquired, and devise an open systems strategy to achieve these requirements. An open systems strategy focuses on fielding superior war fighting capability more quickly and more affordably by using multiple suppliers and commercially supported practices, products, specifications, and standards, which are selected based on performance, cost, industry acceptance, long-term availability and supportability, and upgrade potential
Commercial and Non-Developmental Items [3.3.2.1]
Market research and analysis shall be conducted to determine availability and suitability of commercial and non-developmental items (NDI)
Critical Product and Technology Competition [3.3.2.4]
The acquisition strategy shall describe the approaches the PM will use (i.e., requiring an open systems architecture, investing in alternate technology or product solutions, breaking out a subsystem or component, etc.) to establish or maintain access to competitive suppliers for critical areas at the system, subsystem, and component levels
Competition [3.3.5.1]
Component breakout shall be considered on every program and shall be done when there are significant cost savings, when the technical or schedule risk of furnishing government items to the prime contractor is manageable, and when there are no other overriding Governmental interests
Best Practices [3.3.5.2]
PMs shall avoid imposing government-unique requirements that significantly increase industry compliance costs. Examples of practices designed to accomplish this direction include: open systems approach that emphasizes commercially supported practices, products, specifications, and standards; best value evaluation and award criteria; use of past performance in source selection, results of software capability evaluations; government-industry partnerships; and the use of pilot programs to explore innovative practices
Open Systems Design [4.3.4]
PMs shall address the use of open standards in the design of all systems elements (mechanical, electrical, software, etc.). This approach shall be followed to develop a standards-based architecture in designing systems
Software Engineering [4.3.5]
Software shall be managed and engineered using best processes and practices known to reduce cost, schedule, and performance risks.
It is DOD policy to design and develop software systems based on systems engineering principles, to include:
Developing software system architectures that support open system concepts; exploit COTS computer systems products; and provide for incremental improvements based on modular, reusable, extensible software; Identifying and exploiting software reuse opportunities, Government and commercial
Interoperability [4.3.9]
Compatibility, interoperability and integration are key goals that ... shall be specified and validated during the requirements generation process. The DOD JTA [Joint Technical Architecture] is mandatory for all emerging systems and systems upgrades
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) [4.4.2]
A program WBS shall be established that ... shall define the total system to be developed or produced; display the total system as a product-oriented family tree composed of hardware, software, services, data, and facilities; and relate the elements of work to each other and to the end product
Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) [5.4, 5.4.2]
Working-Level IPTs [WIPTs] shall focus on a particular topic such as cost / performance, test, or contracting. An Integrating IPT shall coordinate WIPT efforts. The PM shall form an Integrating IPT to support development of strategies for acquisition and contracts, cost estimates, evaluation of alternatives, logistics management, cost-performance tradeoffs, etc.
The significant aspect of these requirements, which apply to all major system acquisitions and are a model for others, is that product lines are inherently one of the most effective ways to realize...
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