Security will be discussed later in this analysis.
The second factor used to evaluate closed source vs. open source DBMS are the application development environments that each has. Closed source vendors have turned application development environments into revenue-producing lines of business (Worthen, Kiviniemi, 2009). As a result, closed database vendors have a slight edge in the areas of application development. There are also the initiatives of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and distributed application use by closed database vendors Microsoft and Oracle. The integration and use of application development is also a key catalyst for closed source vendors to ensure their maintenance fees can also be sustained over time (Hyatt, 2008). Open source DBMS vendors and providers have benefitted from the broad community of developers, yet it is not as focused on profitability as the primary goal; it is focused on breadth of OLTP engine support and Application Programming Interfaces (API) to ensure broad adoption (Ricadela, 2009). The pervasiveness of these open source extensions rivals closed yet, yet the latter is more aligned and attuned to supporting maintenance cycles and contract management of customers' contracts. In fact the reliance on contract management and the recurring revenue model of closed source DBMS vendors is the primary source of their most profitable revenue over time (Denton, Peace, 2003). This factor is the catalyst for their heavy levels of investment in application development environments and platforms on the part of Microsoft and Oracle especially. Oracle's Fusion initiative is an SOA platform that integrates role-based applications published as Web Services over an XML network (Spanbauer, 2008). Microsoft's .NET architecture is also specifically designed to provide for scalable and role-based Web Services across non-Microsoft systems. Fusion and .NET are the closed source DBMS vendors' approaches to creating a role-based business process management (BPM) platform. Due to these factors, application development is considered more enterprise in scope for closed source vendors.
Database security as a criterion for evaluating the closed source vs. open source vendors in this analysis illustrates how effective innovation of a DBMS can be when there are high levels of collaboration in a user community. Microsoft and Oracle both have defined role separation, reporting and data availability as part of their security models (Pereira, Muppavarapu, Chung, 2006) from a closed database standpoint. Yet the open source vendors included in this analysis have a more thorough interpretation of the three pillars of an effective security strategy (Kamel, 2009). These three pillars include creating a more consistent and uniform approach to path management and discovery & classification of risks, the development of consistent preventative measures for encryption, data masking and change management as well. Lastly and most significant is the need for defining intrusion detection, auditing, monitoring and vulnerability assessment (Kamel, 2009). Taken together these are the factors that define a scalable security strategy over time. On the first area of path management and discovery & classification, open source vendors have devised authentication and authorization logic to the role level for the DBMS platforms, while close source vendors rely on ancillary security applications for this (Kamel, 2009). Just as the basic licensing model of open source DBMS lends itself better to TCO advantages, this integration of security into the foundation of an open source DBMS provides a significant cost advantage (Spanbauer, 2008). The second aspect of security platform differences between open source and closed source are the preventative measures taken to provide higher levels of encryption while reducing the risk of data masking. All of these factors are critical for change management to be more effectively managed at the database, process and organizational levels (Kamel, 2009). Appendix C: Open Source Security Tools provides examples of the level of innovation being achieved in the development of security (Hyatt, 2008). The last column or tier of an enterprise-wide DBMS security strategy is the development of auditing, monitoring and threat assessment methodologies (Iyer, 2009). In this specific area Microsoft SQL Server 2008 and oracle 11g have defined scripts that can automate the auditing process and also launch audits of each database entry points randomly to test the scalability of security over time (Kamel, 2009). Audit data is then analyzed and provided within a dashboard that Data Base Administrators (DBAs) use to evaluate overall security and ACID-compliance as is seen in Table 1: DMBS Features Analysis. Using the series of analyses (Iyer, 2009) (Kamel, 2009) Table 2: Three Pillars of Enterprise Database Security illustrates how the three specific pillars of security interrelate and support role separation, reporting...
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