In order to understand the mental health challenges imposed on children growing up in poverty, psychologists propose two different, yet complimentary theoretical frameworks. The first is a Structural Model, emphasizing the structural differences inherent in dense populations. Structural theorists attempt to link structural data with children's mental health and well-being. The other theoretical model typically used to describe urbanization is the Ecological Model. This model highlights how a variety of systems interact to influence children.

The two authors of this article describe possible intervention strategies to improve the influence of urbanization on the mental health and well-being of children. Most of these interventions attempt to include community and family support. Benefits of this type of intervention include the increased availability of support for the children. These support groups can work together, as well as independently,...

Many children in urbanization are unmotivated and susceptible to getting involved with negative groups of people. Additional support groups can help keep children on the right track.
However these types of interventions can cause resentment between different classes of people with the urban areas. The proximity of families differing significantly in income level makes the type of cooperation difficult. Also, many children, along with their families may be reluctant to be such active participants within their community.

Future research proposed regarding urbanization and mental health challenges needs to consider timing as a factor. Research needs to address developmental differences between children as well as developmental changes within children. Additionally, interventions must be made not only as mental health problems surface, but also before any indication of difficulties.