This lighting component is connected by the "IR receiver/sensor to the dimming ballast...[which]...provides the control to change the lamp's lumen output." (Richman, 2005)
Another lighting system introduced by Knisley is one that "features a manual override of automated fluorescent lighting settings through use of a wall-mounted control, an infrared handheld remote control device, or a PC workstation." (Knisley, 2005) This system is capable of implementing natural daylight where available which is known as "daylight harvesting" and a strategy which utilizes "ceiling-mounted photocells to measure the changing contribution of daylight and then compares this light level to an established level of light in a room. The controller responds by dimming or brightening the fluorescent lighting to sustain the desired level. The controller is compatible only with specific manufacturer's electronic fluorescent dimming ballasts." (Knisley, 2008) Knisley describes yet another system which combines "fixtures, user controls, and digital communications and as an alternative to circuit enabling group control of fixtures the groups are established "by address and controlled with a group controller." (Knisley, 2005) Options for wall controls are in a range starting with very simple "group dimmers or broadcast controls to programmable scene controllers." (Richman, 2008) Control software for the computer that enables digital controllable ballasts in ceiling-mounted fixtures is also available. Included in system features is individual occupancy control of assigned fixtures, standard lighting control functions, logging of fixture operating levels and reporting of lamp and ballast failures." (Knisley, 2005) Richman states that Florescent lamp dimming that uses electronic ballast is accomplished in three ways as follows: (1) 0-10VDC analog, phase control analog, or digital control; (2) 0-10VDC - analog control system most commonly used presently and has a group of fixtures that are connected to the control circuit to receive the same command signal, allowing the control to extend beyond a single power circuit layout; (3) Phase control technology - Richman states that this is ideal 'for an architectural lighting scheme in a smaller space, such as a conference room or an individual office.' Generally, a phase control dimming ballast uses the same pair of conductors for power and control, thus providing for a simple cost-effective retrofit where control from a single location is desired; and (4) Digital Control System - this send digitally encoded pulse signals free from noise or radio frequency interference and improves the reliability of signal and control flexibility. (Richman, 2005)
The Lighting Research Center states that full-spectrum lighting describes electric light sources "that simulate the visible and ultraviolet (EV) spectrum of natural light." (2005) the Lighting Research Center states that full-spectrum is "not a technical term, but rather a marketing term implying a smooth and continuous spectral power distribution (SPD) without the spikes and troughs in radiant energy common with most discharge light sources. Full-spectrum products are usually marketed as electric light sources that emulate natural daylight; the explicit or implicit message is that 'natural' daylight is always better than 'artificial' electric light. Some full-spectrum light sources are also marketed as emitting ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as well as visible." The following figure demonstrates the SPDS of two electric light sources claimed to be full-spectrum, the Duro-Test Vita-Lite 5500 fluorescent lamp and GE Reveal 60W incandescent lamp, as well as daylight at 5500K correlated color temperature (CCT). Daylight has smooth SPD without sharp spikes or dips, whereas the claimed full-spectrum lamps that have SPDs that differ form daylight and from each other." (2005)
Spectral Power Distribution Comparison
Lighting Research Institute (2005)
Because the full-spectrum lighting is much more costly than others it is important that benefits be understood from using this type of lighting system. The Lighting Research Institute states the following benefits from full-spectrum lighting:
Improves color perception;
Improves visual clarity;
Improves mood;
Improves productivity
Improves mental awareness
Improves retail sales
Improves plant growth
Improves results of light therapy in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Improves results of light therapy for sleep disorders
Improves scholastic performance of students
Improves vitamin D synthesis in the body
Reduces incidence of dental decay (Lighting Research Institute, 2005) survey was conducted by the Lighting Research Institute in 2003 in order to assess "252 lighting specifiers, including electrical contractors and facility managers were asked 'Compared to other types of lighting, please indicate how you think full-spectrum light sources impact the following..." As shown in the following figure.
Perceived Benefits of Full-Spectrum Light Sources Among Lighting Specifiers
Lighting Research Institute (2005)
The respondents to...
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