Verified Document

Legal Cases Criminal Codes And Liability Essay

State v. Burrell 1. In the State of New Hampshire, Marc Burrell was convicted in a jury trial on the count of manslaughter. State v. Burrell refers to Burrell’s appeal of the original conviction. The grounds of Burrell’s appeal were that the jury was improperly instructed on the parameters of criminal liability. In the original case, Burrell accidentally shot someone.

2. Crucial to the Burrell case is the definition of a “voluntary act.” Under New Hampshire criminal codes, "[a] person is not guilty of an offense unless his criminal liability is based on conduct that includes a voluntary act or the voluntary omission to perform an act of which he is physically capable." RSA 626:1, I. Because Burrell’s act can be considered involuntary, Burrell appealed on the grounds that criminal liability was not properly proven. Burrell is claiming that the jury did not sufficiently distinguish between a voluntary and an involuntary act.

3. The courts ruled against Burrell, claiming that the trial judge wasn’t required to give the jury as much specific instruction as Burrell had hoped. “As long as the trial court adequately instructs the jury on the applicable law, the court is under no obligation to include the specific language requested by a party,” (State v. Burrell).

4. In my opinion, contextual evidence does matter when determining whether an act was voluntary or not. Burrell claimed that only his last act—the act that ultimately led to the death of the victim—had to be shown to be voluntary in order for him to be criminally liable for the death. However, there were a series of events precipitating the fatal shooting including playing Russian roulette, drinking alcohol, and other risk factors that were voluntary.

References

State v. Burrell....

Leagle. Retrieved online: https://www.leagle.com/decision/1992850135nh7151731
State v. Newman

1. The appellant, Newman, claimed that he suffered from a sleepwalking disorder that rendered his behavior involuntary. Newman had been convicted for driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUII), which in the state of Oregon entails criminal liability. In his appeal, which was ultimately heard by the Oregon Supreme Court, Newman referred to ORS 161.095(1), which “requires proof that a person engaged in the voluntary act of driving for criminal liability,” (Payment, 2013).

2. The State argued that ORS 161.095(1) does not apply to vehicular codes, and that vehicular codes are the crucial grounds for Newman’s conviction. The fact that he was sleep driving was therefore argued to be irrelevant to the case. In other words, the State argued that it does not matter if the DUII occurred voluntarily or not. However, the State did reverse and remand because the critical voluntary act was not intoxication but driving.

3. Newman argued that “sleep driving” was an involuntary act. One of the key facts in the case was that Newman had been drinking with friends earlier in the evening and actually asked a designated driver to take him home. The DUII occurred later, while he was sleep driving. Evidence and testimony from a physician helped to bolster Newman’s case, as people with Newman’s disorder are not acting voluntarily in their sleep.

4. The Oregon Supreme Court focused on the theme of “voluntary acts.” A person who is sleeping is by definition not conscious, and therefore any acts that take place in the sleep state cannot be voluntary acts. Whereas the Courts do refer to the prior case of State v. Miller (1990), in which the voluntary act in question…

Sources used in this document:

References

Isaac (2010). COMMONWEALTH V. PESTINIKAS 617 A.2D 1339 (1992). DVI. Retrieved online: http://www.justiceguy.com/?p=66



 


Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Blackstone With Washington Criminal Code the American
Words: 659 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

Blackstone with Washington Criminal Code The American legal system derives almost entirely from the British common law system. That is why, in America, if there is no precedent for a particular set of facts at trial, the court will look to common law from centuries before America even existed as a nation. The similarities are even more noticeable in criminal law than they are in civil law. The homicide passages in

Criminal Law Every Country Regardless of Its
Words: 2113 Length: 8 Document Type: Term Paper

Criminal Law Every country regardless of its size and location has some form of criminal law existing. This law helps the country define punishable offenses and includes country's stand of such concepts as self-defense, necessity, insanity, negligence, and complicity. Criminal law is clearly written law in other words, it is a codified law. In the United States this codified law is known as the Model Penal Code which has helped in

Criminal Law the Book Is
Words: 2745 Length: 10 Document Type: Essay

The subchapters tend to follow similar structures, with the punishment in each case being discussed at the very end. Chapter 10 refers to crimes against habitation, notably criminal acts such as burglary or arson. The conditions for a criminal act of this nature to occur are discussed, as well as the different statutes that regulate the legal framework for each of these situations and the punishments applicable. Important restrictions apply

Legal Business Environment Legal Environment
Words: 2863 Length: 10 Document Type: Term Paper

Fixtures are considered part of personal property, but in cases where they become a part of real property and cannot be removed, they are considered part of real property. Building on a plot of land is a fixture that is considered part of real property, similarly things that are fixed with the real property and can not be removed without damage can be considered part of real property. In case

Criminal Theory, Procedure, and Constitutional Protections What
Words: 530 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

Criminal Theory, Procedure, And Constitutional Protections What is Criminal Law? Criminal law is the branch of the legal system that pertains to enforcing penal rules, laws, regulation, and codes that define conduct that is deemed by society to warrant punishment and that outlines the appropriate punishment for that conduct (Friedman, 2005). What Are Ashworth's Five Principles of Criminal Law? Legality, Responsibility, Minimal Criminalization, Proportionality, Fair Labeling (Schmalleger, 2009). What is the Presumption of Innocence? The presumption

Legal Employment Scenario Employment Law
Words: 1318 Length: 4 Document Type: Research Proposal

To the precedent of Paula's case, a prominent case, which exemplified the sometimes institutionalized presence of inappropriate sexuality in the workplace, came to light when "eight women and one man were fired from a North Mankato (MN) women's shelter because (allegedly) they refused to fit into the sexually charged atmosphere created by a few staff members." (Lang, 1) the clarity of motives for their collective dismissal aligned the decision

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now