The Importance of Language in Understanding Culture
Introduction
One of the lesser known, but important, programs of the United Nations is to promote the preservation of the world's languages. The UNDESA has incorporated language into sustainability standards, in particular concerned about the preservation of the world's languages that are most at risk. Language, the group argues, represents a way of thinking for a people (UNDESA, 2016). By that logic, it is essential to understanding a culture to understand its language. Culture is incredibly complex, and it can be impossible to fully understand a culture without immersion in it. But without immersion, learning more about a culture can facilitate mutual understanding, it can facilitate commerce, and it can allow for knowledge to be transferred from one culture to another. If each culture is viewed as a source of knowledge, then the vocabularies of each culture can be seen as a window to the collective knowledge of humanity.
For business, or just for any cultural interaction, knowing the language can be an important means by which understanding is cultivated. First, as noted above, language is a window into a culture, because culture has shaped the way that the language develops over time. But language also facilitates the transfer of knowledge and understanding in a way that few other cultural artifacts can. There is a role for things like music and art, but language remains a highly critical dimension along which culture, and therefore knowledge can be transmitted. This paper will examine the role that language plays in helping us to understand culture, and the value that can have for anybody engaged in cultural interaction, both recreational and business.
Language as a Culture Carrier
During the age of colonization, many if not most colonizers sought to attack elements of a local culture that were not aligned with colonial interests. Religion was always a popular target, but so, too, was language. Some actions taken to suppress local languages were deliberate, while in other cases languages were put under stress in more hegemonic ways – people would have to learn the colonizers' languages in order to have opportunities to thrive in the colonial society. With colonizers holding the keys to power in the area, the value of the local language for any sort of success or access to opportunity diminished, leading to decline over successive generations. Brandist (2015) discusses the hegemonic policies under Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, both of which used passive and active forms of hegemony to reduce the incidence of local languages throughout the Russian and Soviet empires. Many local languages have survived, but even then, in altered form, such as through the use of Cyrillic notations developed by Soviet bureaucrats.
As a window into culture, this makes for a fascinating study. In the post-Soviet world, many minority languages have reverted to scripts more common for their language groups. If one travels in the former stans today, one finds that Uzbekistan has switched to Latin script for its Turkic language, reflected a cultural desire to pivot towards Turkey's sphere of influence. Tajikistan, with its Persian language, has switched to the Farsi script. In Kyrgyzstan, the local language is still written in Cyrillic, despite being a Turkic language, because that country's ties are still closer to Russia than to Turkey.
Jiang (2000) argues that language is a mirror of culture. In order to understand a culture, he argues, one must understand the language, because the language is an essential tool by which hone can traverse a culture. The culture and the underlying logic of the language become intertwined. He points to similar words that have both the same general meaning and quite different specific meanings. Lunch in English and Chinese, for example, mean the same thing in terms of a midday meal, but what a midday meal is varies significantly for speakers of those languages. The word "dog" means the same animal, but what that animal means is quite different to most English and Chinese-language speakers. A truer understanding of those words, to those two broad cultural groups, would require a more in-depth understanding of the languages.
The reality of the underlying context of even common words highlights the challenges faced when translating languages, as Nida (1998) points out. Language needs culture in order to have meaning. An interesting observation Nida makes is that culture often changes more quickly than language, which means that in some cases a word's meaning has both syntagmatic and cultural contexts (Nida, 1998). Think of how one's...
References
Beamer, L. (1992) Learning intercultural communication competence. International Journal of Business Communication. Vol. 29 (3)
Brandist, C. (2015) The dimensions of hegemony: Language, culture and politics in revolutionary Russia. Brill. Leiden, NL.
Jiang (2000) The relationship between culture and language. ELT Journal. Vol. 54 (4) 328-334.
Montasser, M. (2015) Culture and English language teaching in the Arab world. Adult Learning Vol. 26 (2) 66-72.
Nida, E. (1998) Language, culture, and translation. Journal of Foreign Languages. Vol. 115 (3) 29-33.
Seelye, N. (1984) Teaching culture, strategies for intercultural communication. National Textbook Company, Lincolnwood, IL.
UNDESA (2016) Protecting languages, preserving cultures. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved December 7, 2018 from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/social/preserving-indigenous-languages.html
These can create significant management problems due to the impact of different cultures, taxation and pricing, the complexity of choosing the optimal structure for international business, high political risks and many other issues. The specifics of financial planning is determined by the following problems, including volatility in exchange rates, particularly the national taxation, revaluation of currencies, possible difficulties with the export of funds from abroad, problems with in-house transfer pricing,
International Business South Korea International Business South Korea: Introduction and Business Potential South Korea is the 12th largest economy in the world. It has made tremendous growth in all manufacturing, industrial, and services sectors to become economically and technologically strong. Due to rapid economic growth and positive governmental behavior, South Korea has become an attractive target country for foreign corporations for their international business expansion strategies (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). However, these foreign
International Business 5 Pertinent Topics The Cultural Effect on International Business Description Political Issues Affecting International Business Description Regional Economic Integration AND INTERNATIONAL Business Description Impact of Exchange Rates on International Business Description Corporate Strategy in International Business Description An Analysis of International Business Today No one can dispute the fact that the world economy is increasingly globalizing as we move into the 21st century. As this internationalization of business grows, there is an increasing challenge being faced to deal with cultural
International Business Environment My Firm's Acquisition You write a (4-8) page report answers: • As a CEO, acquire a foreign firm. The size firm double, largest industry. What firm foreign firm acquire ? Where firms based? •You enthusiastic opportunity a leading captain industry power, prestige, income. Greys Technological Company Acquisition Grey Technological Company (GTC) is a corporation with interests in Information Technology and Telecommunications (IT&T) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) located in the
In the U.S., the concept of a dead line is standard; in societies of the Middle East this is not even a concept to recon with. Time is also a strategy that is used by different cultures to signify different conditions. In Latin America, waiting for an appointment with a senior is normal and not to be considered an insult. In the U.S., the amount of time spent waiting
International Business Competitive strategy is the bedrock on which companies base business decisions to reach their targets and achieve profitability. Formulating and implementing strategies in international business is much more complicated and difficult task than doing so in home or familiar markets. Competitive strategy deals with the development of abilities by a firm to keep ahead of competitors in the fields in which it operates. Firms develop competitive edge in global
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now