Energy and Water Needs for Lactating Women
Breastfeeding is one of the most important times in a young child's life. It establishes the immune system and ensures proper nutrition and growth. For this reason, it is also vital for women who lactate to understand their energy and water needs. It may be assumed that these will increase during lactation, since the body is using both energy and water to produce lactation.
Butte, Wong, and Hopkinson use measures of total energy expenditure (TEE), the output of milk energy and the mobilization of energy from tissue stores to determine the needs of women who lactate. To determine this, the researchers included 24 participants who were well-nourished and exclusively breastfeeding at three months after birth. Specific components that were measured included TEE, BMR, and physical activity levels. These levels were the same for both lactating and non-lactating women. For the lactating women, the researchers found that milk energy output was 2.02 ± 0.33 MJ/d, which resulted in total energy requirements during lactation to the order of 12.0 ± 1.4 MJ/d, as opposed to 10.6 ± 2.1 MJ/d in non-lactating women. For these women, it was found that energy needs were met by the diet an...
Water Supply and Demand in 2075 Global Resource Proposal Difference in Water Demand and Supply in 2075 The World Health Organization has quantified the amount of water needed to sustain human life (Howard and Bartram, 2003), although the organization's primary concern is water quality (WHO/UNICEF, 2013). Given the projected growth rates in population and its expected peak around 2075 (U.N., 2004), there is a need to better understand whether the world's water
Water for Chocolate Alfonso Arau's Like Water for Chocolate is a tragic love story. Tita de la Garza and Pedro are in love but are not allowed to marry because of a family tradition which bars the youngest daughter from marrying anyone until her mother has died and no longer needs the daughter to take care of her. Tita's sisters, Rosaura and Gertrudis, are allowed to marry and do so,
For obese individuals on the Atkins diet, a moderate exercise program that allows the body to burn fat rather than glycogen can be beneficial, since they would be able to exercise longer. For trained athletes, a higher level of exercise at a longer duration is possible, since the body's threshold for the change to using glycogen as ATP is higher. Thus, our results that obese individuals on that Atkins diet
consumption of a carbohydrate performance drink increase 400m sprint times? Carbohydrate loading was found to be beneficial for endurance sports in the late 1990s. Research has demonstrated that consuming high amounts of carbohydrates, combined with low training levels for several days before an event can help to improve performance (Wade, 2008). Since that time, issues have arisen as to which types of carbohydrates are best, which proteins are a factor,
Nutrition and Exercise "Four hours ago, I ate three oz of baked chicken marinated in one tsp olive oil and other spices, one cup rice and one-half cup beans, two cups salad (romaine lettuce, carrots, onions and radishes) with two tablespoons ranch dressing and one cup of skim milk. Now, I am going to run for forty five minutes and will lift weights for another thirty minutes." Types of Activities Translated the word
Dietary Supplement for Athletes or Bodybuilding Creatine is a dietary supplement that has been popular for more than thirty years amongst athletes and bodybuilders (Feldman 1999: 45). Its alleged benefits include enhancing muscle-building and recovery. The use of dietary supplements, particularly amongst adolescents and young adult athletes has increased in popularity and may even be endorsed by coaches and parents. Creatine is not recommended for young athletes because of questions
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