Labor Relations
Steps in preparing for first round of bargaining with the union
In preparing for the first round of bargaining with the union would be to review the proceedings from previous negotiations with the company or other companies. In reviewing the minutes or notes available from previous negotiations, the managers of the company will be able to analyze the arguments being presented by the union to determine whether they were covered in previous negotiations or not. They will be able to review the minutes of past negotiations to find tactics, concessions, timings and gains and this can be a predictor of the upcoming union negotiations. This is the time when settlement agreements are reviewed and where written commitments were made, these are also analyzed to see how they proceeded. The managers will also be able to determine whether they have been able to keep their end of the bargain and see whether any actions the management had made would have impacted the previous agreements or settlements Wachter, 2007()
The second step would be to generate accurate data regarding wages and benefits paid out to union employees, and other important data such as labor costs, pensions, health insurance, vacation pay, company productivity rates in terms of sales revenues and profits, working hours, and company culture. This will enable the management to see the trends in wage rates over the last 5 to 10 years in order to analyze changes that have been made. The management will also be able to develop a strategy once they have looked at their previous and current wages and benefits, labor costs, and productivity levels Chen, Kacperczyk, & Ortiz-Molina, 2011.
Working hours including paid lunch, paid time off, overtime and premium hours and other unworked paid hours will help to determine benefits paid to employees. The management will be able to device an effective negotiation strategy with this data Wachter, 2007()
Means of resolving negotiation impasses
Impasses are critical challenges in union negotiations. They occur when the company and the union reach a deadlock and are unable to agree on critical matters. There are non-economic ways of resolving impasses. One is mediation. Mediation is the process whereby the parties involved in the negotiations hire a third party independent from both parties to help them negotiate. This can be a legal person, religious person or other mediation expert. The parties may also hire more than one mediator. The mediator helps the union and the company to effectively reach agreement but has no decision-making power. The mediator simply evaluates both sides of the arguments being presented by the parties and tries to persuade them. Mediation is effective because the presence of a middle person helps each party see the other party's point-of-view. It also eliminates emotional issues in the negotiations by bringing an impartial perspective dixon & martin, 2007.
Mediation also helps to determine conflicts of interest in the parties and to find ways to resolve these. On the downside, mediation is costly in terms of money and time. Often skilled mediators charge high fees and mediation takes a lot of time since the mediator has to sit with both parties separately before sitting them together to try to negotiate Pencavel, 2009()
The second non-economic way of resolving impasses is fact-finding. This involves hiring a person or group of people to analyze the facts present in the bargaining process in order to determine where a compromise can be potentially achieved. In a similar way to the mediator, the fact finder simply presents recommendations and not decisions. The parties involved in the negotiation are at their own will to accept the recommendations. However, fact finding has proven to be effective in resolving impasses because the process brings an influence by presenting recommendations from which bargaining can start or continue. It is also effective because it is often a quick process since fact-finders often present recommendations within 14 days of appointment Pencavel, 2009.
On the downside, the recommendations presented by the fact-finder are not binding thus the impasse can continue if both parties are not willing to compromise Dixon, 2010()
Advantages and disadvantages in using seniority to determine shift preference or overtime assignments
Seniority is determined by the amount of time that a person has served the company or organization. Often after long-term service, the person expects to have higher status, rank or preference over employees that have served for shorter periods of time. Seniority often drives preference in terms of promotions, salary, layoffs, shifts, overtime, and premium hours. The advantage of this is that it rewards employees who have stayed with the company longer. These employees often feel motivated when given these preferences. A second advantage of using seniority...
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