Both promote decreased appetite (Wilson).
Dr. Wysham was an observer at a study conducted on 20 Rockwood diabetic patients who were taking conventional diabetic medication for their uncontrolled blood sugar (Wilson 2005). She was not informed about their glucose levels for several months after the tests began. About two-thirds of the respondents were given different injectible doses of Byetta to incorporate into their medication plan, while the rest were given placebos. All of them were instructed and trained to do the injections at certain times twice daily for a month. Then they were subjected to a physical exam. Dr. Wysham closely monitored their liver, kidney, blood counts, and other functions. She observed that the patients consistently lose weight while taking Byetta. The average respondent-patient lost 15 pounds in the duration of the study, 5 lost more than 20 and two, more than 40 (Wilson).
The results of the study led Dr. Wysham to believe that Byetta could slow down or even terminate the progression of diabetes before a patient requires insulin therapy (Wilson 2005). Injecting insulin and injecting Byetta had almost the same results. Byetta even made patients lose weight. This was the finding of a recently concluded six-month study. It compared patients who took insulin and patients who took Byetta both as injectibles and twice daily. Dr. Wysham commented that 102-week extension trials confirmed the trend. While she noted that Byetta does not work in all cases. But the results of an 82-week study showed that 62% of the respondents met clinically-established glucose standards, which they previously failed to meet. Dr. Wysham said that 90% of all diabetics are overweight and the benefits deriving from Byetta have understandably drawn diabetics to it. It is expensive yet compares with the price of other conventional diabetic drugs. It is covered by most health insurance plans. She estimated that Byetta costs $150 a month at wholesale (Wilson).
Eli Lilly's Byetta, indicated for Type 2 diabetes (Johnsen 2005).Its generic name is exenatide, considered an incretin mimetic agent. It imitates the action of insulin in the intestines in stimulating insulin production without the risk of hypoglycemia. This risk is associated with insulin injections. Byetta is the synthetic exendin-4 hormone from the saliva of the Gila monster. This lizard eats only four times a year. When not eating, its pancreas is inactive. When it does, the exendin-4 found in its saliva reactivates the pancreas. Byetta imitates the mechanisms of insulin, which is similar to extendin-4. Byetta remains in the blood system and works only when blood sugar levels are too high. Observers projected the sales of Byetta to exceed $800 million next year. Its manufacturer, Eli Lilly, was working for the approval of a long-acting release version last year. This new formulation was predicted to reach $1.5 billion in sales (Johnsen).
Exenatide injection is indicated only for Type-2 diabetes but not as a substitute for insulin (Ezzo and Ambizas 2006). The biggest clinical test of exenatide therapy investigated 733 patients who used exenatide with metformin and a sulfonylurea for 30 weeks. The most commonly observed adverse reaction was gastrointestinal in nature. The combination of xenatide and metformin did not increase the incidence of hypoglycemia. But there was a 3.3-14.4% increase when sulf0nylurea was added to exenatide (Ezzo and Ambizas).
In studies on the tolerability of exenatide when combined with current therapy, 7% of the respondents backed out because of nausea and vomiting (Ezzo and Ambizas 2006). Other common reactions were diarrhea, dizziness, headache and shaking. The patients lost an average of 4.9 pounds in the 30 weeks of study. Another study, which combined exenatide and insulin glargine, 1 in 10 withdrew because of the adverse effects of the combination. These effects were 57% nausea and 17% vomiting. As to effectiveness, studies showed that a combination of exenatide would result in 7% or less of A1C in 24 to 46% of patients with an initial A1C of more than 7%. Exenatide reduced fasting plasma glucose levels by 5 to 10 mg per dL. This did not increase weight. A pre-filled pen containing 60 doses of exenatide for a month would cost approximately $191 to 223. A vial of 10 ml of insulin glargine would cost approximately $69 for a month's use. And exenatide is sold as a sterile solution for subcutaneous injection at 250 mcg per mL. It is available in 1.2-mL prefilled pen and in 2.4-ml prefilled pen forms. This should be injected into the thigh, abdomen or upper arm. It should be refrigerated and protected from light. It...
However, cursory studies that have been conducted are either biased because they seem to present a biased review of certain products or are insufficient because of their limitations and shallowness. Those studies that have been considered to be useful are mentioned below. Robert D. Boerner, Joanne Bourquard, Pam Greenberg (2000) comprehensively elaborates the legal aspect of spam. He provides an in-depth review of the present laws in actions and the
Strategic Planning in IT IT Impact on Service Industry Performance Cooperative Competitive Competitive Advantage Implementation of IT Innovations 1992 U.S. VALUE-ADDED AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GDP PER HOUR, MAJOR SECTORS OF THE U.S. ECONOMY Management TASKS IN BUREAUCRACY VS ADHOCRACY ORGANIZATIONS This paper addresses the following problem statement: "Without information technology (IT), a business will not be able to compete globally in any industry, nor in any market it wants to enter. It will
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