In short, encoding could be manipulated (deliberately even) to "enhance" and to produce false memories in a regular pattern (Goodwin, Meissner, & Ericsson, 2001, p. 806)
Method
In our experiment results, the hypothesis results were easily verifiable and follow-on clearly from earlier results of the academic literature. The method included an "in list," a not in list related category, and a not in list unrelated category
Results
N
Average recognition rates for: In list
83%
Not in list related
50%
Not in list unrelated
1%
After studying our list of semantically related words, the participants consistently produced false memories of an associated word in the list even though this word was not there in actuality. The memory errors were found to be difficult to avoid even if the research subject is informed about the illusion. This illustrates the power of encoded suggestion to contribute to the phenomena of false memory generation.
Discussion
While our study clearly reflects the body of academic literature, there are clearly limitations of the study and its effects to note. Because of the necessary structure of the experiment, it is still in question whether or not the results would play up in a normal situation. In addition, it does not take into account individuals with unusual or more limited abilities. Certainly, training to deal with word association could "cook" the data inadvertently if individuals selected for the experiment had above average memory. These individuals have to be eliminated from the experimental pool or statistically factored for. Also, individuals with below average association need to be accounted for. Clearly, sophisticated use of statistical averaging over large experimental populations is necessary to fully explore the experiment's full implications
Implications and Applications of the Findings Explored and Future Research Directions:
Truly, the implications of the DRM paradigm seem to be far-reaching. Memories are often constructs of what people think they should have experienced or should have recalled...
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