Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition where a male child is born with an extra X chromosome, so that his sex chromosomes are XXY rather than XY; some people with Klinefelter syndrome have more than two X chromosomes. Klinefelter syndrome is the result of random error and is not a heritable disease. While many people think of the X chromosome as solely a sex chromosome, it plays a significant role in bodily functioning, impacting brain development and growth in addition to sexual functioning. Mental retardation and phenotypic abnormalities are associated with Klinefelter syndrome and are "directly related to the number of supernumerary X chromosomes (Chen, 2013). Klinefelter syndrome is a "form of primary testicular failure, with elevated gonadotropin levels due to lack of feedback inhibition by the pituitary gland" (Chen, 2013). This results in an androgen deficiency that causes many of the symptoms associated with Klinefelter's syndrome. Other hormone levels are impacted, as well, with a typical patient with Klinefelter distributing low serum testosterone levels, and high luteinizing and FSH hormone levels (Chen, 2013). The signs symptoms associated with Klinefelter's syndrome...
In babies the symptoms include: weak muscles, slow motor development, speech delays, and docility. In boys and teenagers the symptoms include: unusual height, different body proportions than most boys, delayed or absent puberty, small or firm testicles, small penis, enlarged breast tissue, low energy levels, shyness, learning problems, and weak bones. In men, additional signs and symptoms include: infertility, decreased facial and body hair, and a decreased sex drive (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013).
With recessive genes (in which both mother and father have to contribute a 'positive' set of the same genes) are designed to work in precisely the same way that hemophilia does: One out of four offspring (on average) will have the condition, two will be carriers, and one will be neither sick nor a carrier. Klinefelter's syndrome, on the other hand, arises from a mechanical mistake that occurs on the
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Genetic screening is one of the most controversial topics in the scientific arena today. The advent of the Human Genome Project, which maps the complete human genetic code, has brought this issue to the forefront. This paper will discuss the basic science that underlies genetic screening, applications of genetic screening, and investigate some of the common misconceptions and ethical questions about its use. Genetic screening itself is simply "the systematic search
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Literature Review 1. The dilemma of Obesity Mokdad et al., (1999) in his study found that the issue of unhealthy weight, overweight and obesity are perhaps one of the rising concerns for the Americans in the 21st century as more and more U.S. citizens become vulnerable to the circumstantial risks and dangers of the phenomenon (Mokdad et al., 1999). It is usually the body mass indexes (BMI) that indicate whether a person
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