Utilitarianism, on the other hand would accept the measure.
Both Kant's moral principles and his theory of human nature are designed only to add to our discontent with ourselves. For Kant, the task of philosophy is not to reconcile us to the human condition. Kant thinks that as rational creatures our condition must be on our dissatisfaction, self alienation and endless striving. Philosophy should not try to transcend that condition, but only to help us live with its inevitability and more importantly, to make progress in the painful tasks it sets us. To some this aim may seem unhealthy, perhaps even dangerous. From a Kantian standpoint, however, any other way of representing our condition appears complacent, cowardly and dishonest. (Wood, 1999: 334) Kant's interpretation human beings as arrogant, antagonistic, deluded and unhappy may merely be the way that facts of human life appear to someone who takes seriously the moral demand that people should act in accord with the laws of the community of ends in which all human beings are treated with equal dignity. In Kant's unflattering portrait of human nature it is easy enough to recognize ourselves as modern capitalism has made us. If our dismissal of his unflattering portrait is functioning as an apology for that system, then we should at least conceal from ourselves that that is what is going on. Something like this doubtless as important part of the appeal of the invidious images of Kantian ethics that focus on his extreme views about sex or his enlightened opinions about race and women. (Wood, 1999: 335)
The requisites of Kantian morality are radical. It is based morality solely on the idea of one's own rational will. Kantian principles advocated that all human beings as ends in themselves with absolute and hence equal worth. They demand that human beings unite their ends into a single, reciprocally supporting teleological systems or realm. The ideals of Kantian ethics are autonomy, equality and community.
In terms of contradictory duties, Kantian ethics require individuals to take into consideration...
Because the imperative is something that stems from the rational will, adherence to it is really only adherence to the law that the will itself created. The will, that is, is acting as the will tells itself it has to. Due to the circular nature of the will's imperative to behave a certain way, obedience to the imperative is actually obedience to the self, and obeying moral law requires
Powell points to the fact that "in Georgia, for example, the time between the date of the murder and the murderer's execution (if it occurs) averages close to I0 years 25 Although the average lapsed time in Georgia may be the highest, the same situation generally prevails in a number of other states. No one would suggest that this is satisfactory." (Powell, 1038) Indeed, according to Calvert (1993) it demonstrates
Criticism of Consequentialism: The deontological criticism of consequentialism would suggest that the very fact that two identical acts can be highly ethical or highly unethical in different circumstances renders consequentialism purely subjective and dependent on opinion instead of objective principles. In that view, the deontological ethical approach may produce unintended negative results on occasion, but at least deontological ethics are predictable and consistent; furthermore, deontological values lead to the better
Although these stem cells are only a few years old, they possess unlimited potential in terms of clinical research. Specifically, scientists are focusing their potential uses in transplant medicine in order to significantly reduce the level of both infections and overall organ rejection in organ transplant surgery. The potential for using stem cells is of vast clinical and medical importance. These cells could potentially allow scientists to learn what occurs
Speculating has become such a common practice in the stock market that it is an essential element of a proper stock market. It is doubtful that the stock market values would be anywhere near its current value if not for speculation. Goldman Sachs Investigation The Goldman Sachs investigation inquires into whether traders at a number of hedge funds and trading firms, improperly gained nonpublic information from Goldman Sachs (who gained the
Kantian Ethics Conceptual relativism is a thinly distinguished relativism in which what prevails is opposed to epistemic patterns or ethical considerations. In conceptual relativism, ontology is made relative to conceptual themes, science structures, and categorical definitions. The anti-realist thesis is what drives this type of relativism. Antirealism claims that the world does not come to us already made for use, but we are the one who keeps providing various ways of
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