142). Another particular structural transformation (i.e. industrialization) led to the objectification of labor where a separate existence of the 'world of work' from the private and public sphere lead to the deviation from the then-autonomous sphere of the owner and the means of production. Even the family has now turned into consumers of income and leisure time (pp.152-156). These events led to the drifting away of public sphere's critical stance and movement towards the direction of the passive, cultural consumers. This passivity of the public in turn leads to what Habermas calls "legitimation crisis" where the "crisis tendencies generated in the economic sphere, would be displaced into the cultural sphere. This in turn creates problems of social integration... In particular it creates the possibility of a large-scale loss of legitimacy for government institutions" (Heath, p.1). In crude terms, the seemingly disconnected social machinery of the society and state - both undergoing structural transformation because...
But the present character of the bourgeois public sphere where, "publicity is achieved with the help of secret politics of interest groups; it earns public prestige for a person or issue and thereby renders it ready for acclamatory assent in a climate of nonpublic opinion" (Habermas, p. 201) simply fails to do that. The present bourgeois public sphere which serves its class-based interest fails to accommodate the opinion of those beyond this cluster. Hence the legitimacy of the structurally transformed public sphere and state power is put into question and into an eventual crisis.
Ross (1988) notes the development of Romanticism in the late eighteenth century and indicates that it was essentially a masculine phenomenon: Romantic poetizing is not just what women cannot do because they are not expected to; it is also what some men do in order to reconfirm their capacity to influence the world in ways socio-historically determined as masculine. The categories of gender, both in their lives and in their
Art Culture: Public Space Art Public art like that of Koon's Train (2011), Serra's Tilted Arc (1981), Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1981), and James' Sea Flower (1978), ignite discussion to the point of its modification, re-arrangement, or removal. The reason for this controversial treatment of public art is its ability to embrace a variety of aesthetic practices. The adoption of different aesthetic values like poster art, outdoor sculpture, earthworks, multimedia projections,
While these are some of the more famous elements of rhetorical theory, they do not require extensive discussion here for two reasons. Firstly, they are fairly well-known. Secondly, and more importantly, they actually do not provide much insight into the uses of rhetoric, because Aristotle implicitly inserts an ethics into his discussion of rhetoric that precludes it from having as robust an application to the real world as would
Personal Philosophy of Education There are many schools of thought on the learning process and there is no single philosophy that covers every aspect of the learning experience. My personal philosophy for education is to provide the most positive learning experience possible right from the onset of the educational process. Integral to this experience is the environment that must stimulate the child from early childhood to maturity. Learning is an ongoing process and
Christy Turlington explains to Elle magazine... "Advertising is so manipulative," she says. "There's not one picture in magazines today that's not airbrushed."… "It's funny," Turlington continues. "When women see pictures of models in fashion magazines and say, 'I can never look like that,' what they don't realize is that no one can look that good without the help of a computer." (Hilary 13) That's right, the beautiful Turlington, a woman
Reconciliation of the Liberties Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher in the eighteenth century who wrote about topics as varied as religion and politics. He famously worked on a treatise with respect to government that attempted to explain what government should be. His thoughts, called "On the Social Contract," were an attempt to reconcile the liberties of the ancients and the moderns (as they were called being, as yet, modern to Rousseau).
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