The libraries started to automate and network their catalogs in the later part of 1960s quite independent from ARPA. The thinker Frederick G. Kigour of the Ohio College Library Center championed the networking of Ohio libraries during the decades of 60s and 70s. The TCP/IP architecture first proposed by Bob Kahn at BBN and again developed by Kahn and Vint Cerf at Stanford and others all through 70s. It was applied by the Defense Department in 1980 substituting the earlier Network Control Protocol --NCP and commonly adopted by 1983. The UNIC to UNIX copy Protocol or UUCP was discovered in 1978 at Bell Labs. Usenet was originated in 1979 on the basis of the UUCP. The Newsgroups which are deliberation groups concentrating on a topic, followed entailing a means of exchanging information around the world. (A Brief History of the Internet)
Likewise, the BITNET the acronym of Because It's Time Network linked IBM mainframes around the educational community and the world to entail mail services initiating in 1981. The Listserv software was devised for such network and subsequently for use by others. The Gateways were improved to link BITNET with the Internet and permitted exchange of e-mail, particularly for e-mail discussion lists. The National Science Foundation sponsored NSFNet as a nationwide coverage for 56 Kbps backbone for the Internet. They preserved their sponsorship for about a decade, setting rules for its non-commercial government and research uses. The foremost attempt after library catalogs was to index the Internet devised during 1989 while Peter Deutsch and his group at McGill University in Montreal, generated an archive for ftp sites, that they named Archie. Acknowledging the necessity to combine together information
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about all the telnet-accessible library catalogs...
In 1989 another important event took place in entailing the nets easier to apply. Tim Berners-Lee and others at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, widely known as CERN, thought of a new protocol for information dissemination. Such protocol gradually become World Wide Web in 1991, was relied upon hypertext -- a system of embedding links in text to link to other texts, which is being used every time you selected a text link while going through such pates. The improvement in 1993 of the graphical browser Mosaic by Marc Andreesen and his team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications or NCSA entailed the protocol its biggest thrust. Delphi became the first national commercial online service to propose Internet access to its subscribers. All-in-one-availability attempt of the Microsoft in the sphere of browser, server, and Internet Service Provider market accomplished major transformation over to a commercially based Internet. (A Brief History of the Internet)
REFERENCES
Griffiths, Richard T. "Chapter Three: History of Electronic Mail." Leiden University.
Retrieved from http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap3.htm#ARPANET%20and%20the%20Invention%20of%20E-mail Accessed on 27 May, 2005
Howe, Walt. (17 September 2004) "A Brief History of the Internet." Retrieved from http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html Accessed on 27 May, 2005
Meyers, Jeremy. "A Short History of the Computer (b.c -- 1993 a.d)" Retrieved from http://www.softlord.com/comp / Accessed on 27 May, 2005
