Verified Document

Interconnectivity Of Social Problems Social Problems Criminal Essay

Interconnectivity of Social Problems Social Problems

Criminal sanctions and victimization work to form a system of disadvantage that perpetuates stratification and poverty. Punishment impacts individuals convicted of felonies, as well as their families, peer groups, neighborhoods, and racial group. After controlling for population differences, African-Americans are incarcerated approximately seven times as often as Whites. Variation in criminal punishment is linked to economic deprivation. As the number of felons and former felons rises, collateral sanctions play an ever-larger role in racial and ethnic stratification, operating as an interconnected system of disadvantage.

~Wheelock & Uggen, 2006

Crime, punishment, and poverty are related issues. There are many causes and reasons crime exists, which explains the field of criminology. Punishment, if referring to the formal kind, relates to topics such as law enforcement, public administration, health care, the legal system, and others. Poverty is definitely a social issue. In fact, all of these issues are social issues that exist in a network of human behaviors and social institutions.

While individuals make choices and there is great variation in personality, the social structures and various classes of strata that individual occupies (the ones that warrant the greatest attention) weigh heavily on the social and economic options available. In other words,...

Wheelock and Uggen contend that there is a system in place that perpetuates the unbalanced state and lifestyle, which lends itself to higher rates of crime, higher likelihood of stern punishment, and continued poverty.
Just as a death in the family or a lost job affects an entire family, as does incarceration and other forms of punishment disperse an intense affect upon the networks of people connected to convicts. The networks can be local, actual, and physical, or they can be imagined, hypothetical, yet the connections between the convict and other groups are evident. Wheelock and Uggen use the example of African-Americans convicts. Those people's punishments affected their families (if any), communities, associates, etc., as well as the entire African-American community in general.

Wheelock and Uggen further argue that African-Americans are several times more likely to be incarcerated by whites. For most of American history, the cultural stereotypes were that black people were more often to be in prison because inherently there is something evil or criminal about all black people. There are examples of good and bad within every single culture, country, and ethnicity on Earth; there always have been and there always will be.

What some white…

Sources used in this document:
References:

Bourguignon, F. (nd). Crime as a Social Cost of Poverty and Inequality: A Review Focusing on Developing Countries. Available from: http://www.rrojasdatabank.info/facets/facetsp189-209.pdf. 2012 July 28.

Wheelock, D., & Uggen, C. (2006). Chapter 10 - Race, Poverty and Punishment: The Impact of Criminal Sanctions on Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequality. Harris, D., & Lin, A.C. (eds) The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist. University of Michigan.
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Wicked Problem: Royal Dutch Shell and Its
Words: 5672 Length: 20 Document Type: Essay

Wicked Problem: Royal Dutch Shell and Its Response to the Nigerian Oil Spill Major oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell are responsible for hundreds of oil spills every year that cumulatively involve millions of barrels of oil. The harmful effects of such oil spills on the environment is well documented of course, but less well documented are the different types and levels of responses that are used in response

Mexico U.S. Drug Trade Border the Challenges
Words: 2666 Length: 8 Document Type: Essay

Mexico U.S. Drug Trade Border The challenges of an extremely volatile economy are significant in any culture or population but one of the starkest situations today is the extreme variation between the economies of Mexico and the United States, which shares a 3,000-mile long border. The variations of the economies are so extreme and poverty is such a challenge in Mexico that hundreds of thousands and possibly millions of people cross

Rogerian Argument About Facebook
Words: 2533 Length: 7 Document Type: Essay

Rogerian Argument Facebook Rogerian Argument about Facebook Social networking sites (SNS) are a rapidly growing segment of social interaction all over the world. (McCafferty 19)They serve as a source of information for individuals and groups as well as a source of relative connectivity between individuals who know one another in the real world and to allow connections between people who share common interests but might not know one another outside a SNS.

Violent Extremism in California
Words: 1566 Length: 5 Document Type: Essay

Background Information Gun violence remains a pervasive challenge in the United States and policies on gun control is at the forefront of US politics. It’s an epidemic that distinguishes the US from the rest of the industrialized countries. However, there exist contrasting policy approaches with some states pushing for reduced regulations of access to ammunition while other states pursuing regulations that decrease the ease of access to ammunition. Moreover, the majority

Looking at the Federal Plan for Cyber Security and Information Assurance...
Words: 2942 Length: 9 Document Type: Research Paper

Federal Plans NICE Plan Development and Research Challenge Future Plan This paper discusses what is referred to as the Federal Plan is for Cyber Security and Information Assurance (CSIA- R&D) Research and Development. Details of the federal government's plan will be discussed as well as what is expected and can be done about cyber security in the long-term. In this federal plan, the terms 'information assurance' and 'cyber security' refer to measures put in place to

Green Architecture in Japan: A Reflection of
Words: 4849 Length: 16 Document Type: Term Paper

Green Architecture in Japan: a Reflection of Societal Values Defining Green Architecture Man has been building structures since shortly after they began to emerge from caves and to explore areas outside his immediate vicinity. Many animals build structures, such as birds and beaver. Many of these structures are functional and serve only to offer protection from predators and the elements, and so it was with the first structures built by man. They

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now