Intelligence in Older Adulthood
Psychologists describe two basic types of intelligence: Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. The idea that intelligence is static -- that it is a fundamental personal attribute that is immutable long ago fell out of disfavor with scientists. Current research suggests that fluid intelligence does begin to lessen in the over the life span, with adolescence being the watershed years. Crystallized intelligence, however, can continue to increase throughout the lifespan. The concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence were proposed by Raymond Cattell, who later worked with John Horn to further develop the theory. What is now known as the Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence proposes that various abilities interact with a synergy that generates what is known as overall individual intelligence.
Fluid intelligence. The ability to problem-solve and reason abstractly independent of prior learning, experience, and education or training is considered to be fluid intelligence. Fluid intelligence occurs when there has been no practice, no instruction, no training, and no education that would establish a foundation for perceiving and understanding relationships in a problem-solving or abstract thinking exercise. A common example of fluid intelligence it the ability to solve puzzles, or the capacity to generate problem-solving strategies for scenarios for which no previous experience exists. Generally, fluid intelligence reaches its apex in adolescence and by about age 30 or 40, it begins to decline.
Crystallized intelligence. Our ability to learn from past experience in a way that builds a foundation of knowledge and skills from which we can draw, is called crystallized intelligence. The ability to understand what is read, to figure out new vocabulary, to understand patterns in relationships, and make predictions based on prior encounters with situations are all examples of crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence increases as people age -- the accumulation of new knowledge, comprehension of new situations, and the understanding of newly encountered relationships contributes to a strengthened crystallized intelligence over most of the lifespan.
Seattle Longitudinal Study. Fluid and crystallized intelligence "constitute the...
Transition Into Late Adulthood Late Adulthood Grade Course While at one hand an old man in his 60s would cherish the past years of his life sharing experiences about college sports, dating spots and holiday fun, an elderly woman would act grumpy showing discontent on every dish being served at a dinner. Such scenarios are commonly noticed in day-to-day life which surrounds people in their late adulthood; a period in 60s where according
, 2012). When considering housing for this group it is important to make sure that you do not isolate someone sharing their spiritual or religious beliefs. A social worker who does not keep up with the understanding of the individuals with whom they work could be inadvertently setting up a disaster for such an elderly individual. It is always important to discover, praise, and attend to new developments and changes
Emotions affect how memories are processed, stored, and retrieved, which also impacts how learning takes place. Perhaps more importantly, emotions impact cognitive processes and learning. Neuroscience shows the ways thoughts are processed depends on one's cultural context and also emotional states. Thinking styles may be also linked to the learning process, as Zhang & Sternberg (2010) point out, and thinking styles are themselves related to cultural variables. The ways people
Self-ASSESSMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE Intelligence Overall, my emotional intelligence score is 82. Scores of 80 -- 89 are considered strong, and those people with scores in that range can count their emotional intelligence as a strong upon which they should continue to build. This is interesting news for me. Emotional intelligence is an issue in education and in the professional world that has garnered increased attention in the 21st century. Gardner's theory
As emotionally intelligent employees are reportedly more content, conscientious and committed in the workplace, businesses and organizations are repeatedly advised to recruit and retain these individuals. Abraham (2006), nevertheless, reports that the strongest findings emerging from her study was.".. The effect of job control on emotional intelligence." She contends that emotionally intelligent employees will not just naturally thrive in their workplace; that the work environment needs to provide independence in
Democracy, Multiple Intelligence, Art Project Site and Participants The project that this research is based on took place at Pantera Elementary School in Diamond Bar, California. The school population comprises approximately 200 students and twelve teachers. The ethnic make-up of Pantera is as follows: 36.8% Asian, 19.8% Hispanic, 35.9% White, 2.9% Filipino,.5% Pacific Islander and.4% American Indian/Alaskan. Neighborhoods within Pantera's boundaries are middle- and upper-middle class, with some new, upscale housing. Pantera
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