This is where a clear framework of educational objectives is necessary for a school and particular discipline. No teacher really works alone; all teachers must rely on the fact that student achievement is attained through a careful understanding of where students need to be. The teacher's other task is to determine what other factors might impact student learning ("Assess Instructional Needs," 2001). What other needs of the students must be met in order for the student to master a new skill or concept? This could be an obvious consideration such as do all students speak English as their primary language. If not, modifications may have to be made from the beginning of the process. Other factors that need to be consider such as the socio-economic factors of the community or individual students overlap with the learner analysis portion of creating an instructional design system. Other stresses from family life, peers, and environment frequently affect a student's ability to gain new knowledge or retain previous knowledge. Contact with parents and knowledge of the students...
If this vital first step is forgotten or mishandled, the teacher may be jeopardizing student learning.
Being aware of these different types of learners in the classroom will help the teacher plan ways to motivate students and promote a positive attitude. Motivation and attitude in the classroom is frequently linked to other factors in the students' lives such as culture, ethnicity, language skills, and socio-economic issues ("Analyze Learners," 2001). Being aware of the diversity in the classroom will assist the teacher when designing the program. For
Much like the Knirk and Gustafson design model, Kemp's model is also small scale and can be used for individual lessons. In comparing Gange's Nine Steps of Instruction and Kemp's Design Model, several topics are included in both. Obviously both identify goals and objectives and making this information known to the student. Designing and delivering instructional experiences with specifically selected resources that will allow learners to master the objectives. The
If the teacher believes that something there is missing, then he or she will have to make some of the pre-requisite knowledge part of the objective to be achieved (Scott, 2001). Prioritizing and sequencing the information now becomes the important task for the teacher ("Techniques of Analysis," 2000). In order to process the information, students need it to be presented in a logical manner which includes ranking what is most
" One recent debate around the subject of instructional design is based in learning theories. Experts and laymen alike wonder if there is a specific learning theory that is more suited to using instructional design. Research indicates there is not as long as the instructional design is well planned and facilitated smoothly (Melo, 2004). MY PLAN In my own teaching career I plan to utilize instructional design on regular basis. I will begin
For example, managers can increase productivity by assigning the right number of employees to each project, avoiding over- or understaffing. Managers should also be sensitive to interaction problems between employees. When managers are aware of personality conflicts between employees, they should avoid assigning them to the same team. Increasing productivity involves a careful study of employees' work performance and of managerial decisions, a daunting process in which individuals may feel
4). Another extremely important result is that from an important economic point-of-view, the use of this project has reduced costs by an average of forty percent; coupled with cost savings ranging from 20% to 77% (Twigg, 2004, para. 4). The issue of increasing learning ability and accessibility through the use of technology is nothing new. However, what Twigg suggests in this article is that until the implementation of this project
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