Instructional Design and Needs Assessment
Instruction design could be defined as an activity which is purposeful in behavior in which reflection on decisions to be taken in design plays a significant role. (Shambaugh, 2000) There are various models of instructional designs which are used in education of which a popular method is ADDIE model. The ADDIE model is a simple model used for design of instructions and can be widely used in several settings because of its systematic and generic nature. (Peterson, 2003) Almost all models have five areas namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. (JHPIEGO's Instructional Design Process)
In the analysis phase, main centre of attention of the designer is focused on the target audience. The most commonly used analysis techniques are the needs assessments. The needs assessment is performed to understand the need of the audience. This is done by making a distinction between what information the students already have and what they need to know at the end of the course. During the process of need assessment, designers or instructors try to find out the standards and competencies which are necessary to lay a base while determining what students need by the completion of the course. Information may be made available from courses which were evaluated previously if the course had been taught earlier. (Peterson, 2003) The results of the needs assessments have inclusion of the statement of the difficulties involved and the most possible solutions to these problems. The process of instructional content analysis makes available a body of knowledge to be taught, skills to be learned and attitudes to be adopted. (JHPIEGO's Instructional Design Process)
In order to assess and analyze needs, a team performs one or additional needs assessments which includes training sector and institutional and facility analyses. Usually there is an assessment of the knowledge and skills of those who participate. The designer of instructions would either be involved or may not be involved in performing...
Summative assessments are useful to determine a student's level of mastery and can be an indicator of potential for success in subsequent courses or units. If a student does poorly on a summative assessment, for example, remedial instruction may be required. Summative assessments help teachers evaluate content and delivery and make adjustments as needed. Summative assessments are not always useful for informing instruction. When they are used at the
This creates a problem in terms of homework exercises: students without a computer at home could hardly be expected to complete computer assignments outside of the classroom. This widens the digital divide, as students with computers at home have a large advantage in terms of learning and concomitant future opportunities. Solutions for the Digital Divide The digital divide is a significant problem not only in education, but also in terms of
Instructional Design offers teachers a number of advantages and disadvantages. Instructional design can provide a framework and allow the coordination of assessment, objectives and teaching. However, instructional design can be limited by weak learning objectives, and potentially supersede real concerns over learning. Despite these disadvantages, instructional design is a valuable teaching tool. Instructional design can be defined as "is the analysis of learning needs and systematic development of instruction. Instructional design
Much like the Knirk and Gustafson design model, Kemp's model is also small scale and can be used for individual lessons. In comparing Gange's Nine Steps of Instruction and Kemp's Design Model, several topics are included in both. Obviously both identify goals and objectives and making this information known to the student. Designing and delivering instructional experiences with specifically selected resources that will allow learners to master the objectives. The
instructional design models, including elements defining ways traditional methods encourage learner involvement. References required. A peer reviewed journal article, textbooks, and current journal articles credible websites. Discuss the various instructional design models, including elements defining ways in which traditional methods encourage learner involvement. The foundational instructional design model is called the 'ADDIE' model: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. During the analysis (planning) phase, the designer identifies the "learning problem, the
If the teacher believes that something there is missing, then he or she will have to make some of the pre-requisite knowledge part of the objective to be achieved (Scott, 2001). Prioritizing and sequencing the information now becomes the important task for the teacher ("Techniques of Analysis," 2000). In order to process the information, students need it to be presented in a logical manner which includes ranking what is most
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