A wrap-around approach emphasizes solving the child's problems within his natural environment.
Levy and Washington (in Lombardi's book) emphasize that collaboration is essential. They describe a school in Brooklyn that has made true collaboration between special education staff and general education staff a priority, blocking out time for staff to communicate with each other. They have also broadened their definition of communication, realizing that sometimes people will not be able to meet face-to-face, using phones and email to augment communication.
Fred West, in the same book, looks at the issue of the instructional decisions that must be made for successful inclusion. Full inclusion means the same education other children get to the fullest extent possible. This means that children with emotional or behavioral problems are students with diagnoses. Their needs are exceptional and will require that their instruction be carefully considered. West suggests systematic analysis regarding the academic support needed by an included student. One of those systems is called the "ACID" test, for "Analysis of Classroom and Instructional Demands" (p. 35). He also recommends talking about specific student needs using questions rather than statements, because open-ended questions facilitate discussion while statements may sound final, permanent and correct. Thus a team might ask "Why did Joshua lose his temper during math?" rather than stating "Joshua lost his temper in math because it got...
It can be used to establish language dominance, to determine whether a student is performing at grade level in academic subjects in his native language, and to distinguish whether or not a student's weaknesses are due to limited English proficiency or to a specific learning disability. The test has the following sections: 1) Readiness; 2) Speech; 3) Functional Word Recognition; 4) Oral Reading; 5) Reading Comprehension; 6) Word Analysis;
In their study, "Thinking of Inclusion for All Special Needs Students: Better Think Again," Rasch and his colleagues (1994) report that, "The political argument in favor of inclusion is based on the assumption that the civil rights of students, as outlined in the 1954 decision handed down in Brown v. Board of Education, which struck down the concept of 'separate but equal,' can also be construed as applying to special
The students will test you during these first few days. Without steadfast rules and well outlined disciplinary procedures, the students will not respect you. In order to create a positive atmosphere of expectations, procedures and routines, it is also important to clearly outline to the class what is expected of them. However, in order to empower the classroom students, one beneficial strategy is to allow the students to help develop
(Heal and Rusch, 1995) In a separate study entitled: "Improving graduation and employment outcomes of students with disabilities" Predictive factors and student perspectives" Benz, Lindstrom, and Yovanoff (2000) report findings from two studies that examined secondary and transition practices. The first of the two studies made an examination of students factors as well as program factors that served to predict the graduation of participants with a standard high school diploma
The shift toward standardized testing has failed to result in a meaningful reduction of high school dropout rates, and students with disabilities continue to be marginalized by the culture of testing in public education (Dynarski et al., 2008). With that said, the needs of students with specific educational challenges are diverse and complex, and the solutions to their needs are not revealed in the results of standardized testing (Crawford &
Size/Cooperative Learning & it's effects on participation Action Research Question Will cooperative learning have a significantly positive impact on smaller or larger classes? The purpose of this study was to investigate if cooperative learning will have a significantly positive impact on smaller or larger classes. In order to have valid results, I used both my largest and smallest classes as my sampling. I also incorporated a variety of teaching styles with cooperative
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