Younger women are more prone to the syndrome as they are more responsive to gonadotropins and have more follicles than older women. Findings suggested that a lower body mass index carries a risk. Women with PCOS are more sensitive to infused follicle-stimulating hormone and produce more follicles with gonadotropin stimulation. They are more susceptible to developing the syndrome. Those who only have an isolated characteristic of the syndrome develop a comparable exaggerated response to gonadotropins. They are thus also at a higher risk for developing OHSS (Zivi et al.).
Parental Infertility and Cerebral Palsy in Children
A recent Danish National Birth Cohort found that children born through IVF sperm injection have a higher risk of cerebral palsy than children born spontaneously (Zhu et al., 2010). The study compared children born at different periods and those born after IVF. It found that 165 of them or .18% had cerebral palsy or CP. CP is a rare but severe disorder that afflicts about 2 out of 1,000 live births. Cerebral palsy is a rare but severe disorder. It is lifelong disability, which affects family life and healthcare costs. Explanation may be the higher frequency of preterm birth, multiple or disappearing embryo. It suggests that low fertility may be part of the pathway to CP. The association, however, may not entirely be in connection with multiple births or preterm births, as explained by most studies. The vanishing embryo may partly explain the increased risk (Zhu et al.).
Post-Neonatal Hospitalization from Multiple Births
The findings of a recent 7-year population-based cohort study revealed that multiple births increases post-neonatal health care services and costs among IVF children more than among naturally conceived children (Koivurova et al., 2007). The study involved 303 IVF children born between 1990 and 1995 at the Finnish Medical Birth Register. The results bolstered those of previous larger studies. They concluded that costs are higher from the procedure itself to pre-natal and neonatal care. With increasing use of IVF, the incidence of multiple births increases and so do post-neonatal health care costs among IVF children than among naturally conceived and born children
Ethics in Combating the Multiple-Birth Epidemic (Van Voorhis & Ryan 2010)
IVF providers argue that restricting the practice of multiple embryo transfer violates the principle of procreative liberty, patient and professional autonomy and free-market economics (Van Voorhis & Ryan 2010). Bur physicians have that professional responsibility to weigh issues of non-malefience to patients and the judicious use of health care resources vs. patients' individual preference. Responsible professional organizations of reproductive specialists should set up stricter regulations, which are not arbitrary and biased. These should monitor violations and impose sanctions on those practicing unsafe medicine. They should improve or initiate methods, which will maintain optimum pregnancy rates with more effective and ethically responsible means other than transferring multiple embryos or IVF, which impacts health. #
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kashyap, S. And Davis, O.K. (2003). Ovarian cancer and fertility medications: a critical appraisal. 21 (1) Seminars in Reproductive Medicine: Thieme Medical Publishers.
Retrieved on November 24, 2011 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/56560
A review of all available literature was spurred by the question of a 35-year-old woman about the risk of ovarian cancer following IVF therapy. The question has been frequently asked. The association between ovulation induction and the occurrence of ovarian cancer cannot be established by randomized controlled clinical trials. The search for answers was made using four relevant cohort studies, turning up the article "The Risk of Cancer After Use of Fertility Drugs with in-vitro Fertilization." The article drew much controversy and criticism from reproductive medicine and epidemiology groups.
Koivurova, S. et al. (2007). Post-neonatal hospitalization and health care costs among
IVF children: a 7-year follow-up study. 22 (8) Human Reproduction:....
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