A comparison of the demographic variables for the patients that met the inclusion criteria with those that did not, revealed no significant differences except in terms of stroke severity, laterality, and comprehension impairment.
The results of the cognitive evaluations (MMSE vs. MoCA, r = .79, p < .001; MMSE vs. cFIM, r = .56, p < .000; MoCA vs. cFIM, r = .67, p < .000) revealed good agreement between the three instruments (Toglia et al., 2011) and mirrored the results of Stewart et al. (2012). A comparison of the mean scores for MMSE and MoCA, however, revealed a significant difference (24.4 vs. 17.8, respectively, p < .001) in terms of sensitivity to subtle changes in cognition. This finding supports the conclusion that the MoCA may be more sensitive to MCI than the MMSE. The Chronbach ? For the MMSE was only .60, which is .10 below an acceptable level of internal consistency, while Chronbach ? For MoCA was .78. In addition, 67% of the patients scoring 27 or higher on the MMSE obtained a score below 26 on the MoCA. Additional comparisons were performed and together the authors concluded that MoCA was a better predictor of MCI, has better internal reliability, and was equal to the MMSE in prediction physical rehabilitation outcomes.
The study conducted by Toglia and colleagues (2011) provided convincing evidence of the reliability and validity of the MoCA instrument. The only limitation was small sample size, but again, the results were so dramatic that this can be overlooked. This also is a quasi-experimental study (Schmidt & Brown, 2012 investigating diagnostic accuracy using a cross-sectional design (Aslam, Georgiev, Mehta, & Kumar, 2012).
Conclusions
There is increasing interest in MCI screening because credible findings may alter best practice recommendations for slowing progression to dementia or the rehabilitation strategies used for stroke victims. Although MoCA is not currently included in clinical guidelines for cognitive impairment, this may change in the near future based on a growing body of evidence that suggests MoCA is superior to the gold standard MMSE when screening for MCI. Based...
Cognitive Effects of Brain Injury and Disease The care of patients with brain injury and diseases has improved substantially over the last thirty years. Nonetheless, the acute cognitive effects caused by brain injury are still a problem for the survivors. Such impairments are substantial contributors to functional disability after brain injury and reduce quality of life for affected persons and their families (Schultza, Cifub, McNameea, Nicholsb; Carneb, 2011). Accordingly, it is
Adolescent Substance Use Screening Instruments: 10-Year Critical Review of the Research Literature Over ten million teenagers in the United States admit in a national survey that they drink alcohol, although it is illegal under the age of 21 in all states. In some studies, nearly one-quarter of school-age children both smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol. Over four thousand adolescents every day try marijuana for the first time. The dangers of use,
Cognitive Disorder in Elderly Cognitive Disorders in Elderly Sachiko Furuya Cognitive Assessment & Lab Kris Thomas, PhD The research of this study is related to cognitive, dementia, Alzheimer disease, and depression issues with the elderly populations of the United States and in the world in general. Societies with a large number of elderly people such as the U.S.A. are increasingly focusing their efforts on improving the life standards of these people based on the types
Mindful vs. traditional martial arts toward improved academic grades in children diagnosed with ADHD While medication and psychotherapy are the current best practice in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their benefits and aim are too peripheral and topical -- neither resolving the neurological origin of deficits. Moreover, many are opposed to these treatments and there are few substantiated and readily accepted alternatives. The consequences of ADHD have a ripple effect --
Mental Health Treatment Approaches for Older AdultsOverview of mental health issues in the elderlyOld age is a natural occurrence for every human being, a stage in growth accompanied by several changes, which can be negative and identified as problems. Some of these problems are a rise in morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and functional status loss. A large number of evidence associates these problems with common mental disorders to which the elderly
Diabetes Among Middle Age Males: One of the major public health issues among middle age males is diabetes since they are twice as likely to suffer from the disease as compared to their female counterparts. Generally, the rate of diabetes has increased in the recent past to an extent that 8% of the American population have the disease, especially children and adults. The main reason for the increase of the rate
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now