Research shows that "...the perception of a person is strongly influenced by the accuracy of early impressions." (Mc Keachie and Doyle. 1970. p. 552) The immediate perception of a person may therefore be colored by concepts and learnt assumptions that are applied to the individuals according to various cues.
One aspect in this regard that strands out in many studies is that while first- time perceptions can be erroneous and might be based on false preconceptions and stereotypes, yet these first impression can be extremely strong and also tend to influence later assessments of the person. This relates to the previously mentioned finding that first impressions tend often to focus on abnormal or different attributes, rather than on conventional or more positive attributes. This can, for instance, have a direct affect on a job interview where the wrong first impression may be given.
A people are especially attentive to negative factors, and if these are present, they will outweigh the positive ones in generating impressions. One reason first impressions are so indelible is that people have a tendency to interpret new information about a person in a light that will reinforce their first impression. They also tend to remember the first impression, or overall schema, better than any subsequent corrections. Thus if a person whom one thinks of as competent makes a mistake, it will tend to be overlooked and eventually forgotten, and the original impression is the one that will prevail. Conversely, one will tend to forget or undervalue good work performed by someone initially judged to be incompetent.
Social perception)
The above is quoted at length as it illustrates some of the central points about first impressions. It also points to just how important the first impression is and the way that this can affect later judgments and assessments. In an interview situation if the first impression made, possibly through attitude or dress, is negative then any subsequent mistake in the interview will be seen in a negative light; whereas, if the first impression in good then later errors will not be in such a negative light.
Another study supports this view of the importance of first impressions. "As many as four out of five hiring decisions are made within the first 10 minutes of an interview, according to some studies. Those decisions can be based on little more than the applicant's clothing or hairstyle, a subconscious stereotype or a preconceived notion about a particular candidate or type of candidate."(Gassner L. 2004)
It has also been found that attribution and categorization in first impressions are often-based strongly on appearance. One study found that, "...first impressions are driven by body language, posture, facial expressions and eye contact, according to psychological studies. Such cues send us signals about a candidate's preparation, confidence and even grooming habits." Furthermore, studies show that more 'attractive' people are also found to receive more positive first responses from interviewers. This brings another important aspect into play into the understanding of first impressions; namely the role that stereotypes in the media play in forming images of what is attractive and what is not. This aspect...
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