Public Administration and Public Schools
The transformation which Kettl has discussed in his work of literature entitled The Transformation of Governance: Public Administration for Twenty-First Century America is that of government and its public administration. Specifically, the author believes that government has changed from that of the hierarchical authority of centralized, solitary governments to a decentralized approach in which the administration of government actually takes place between various governments. A trenchant way of looking at this transformation is something akin to the dissolution of nation states -- although the author is not advocating such a dissolution. Instead, he is stating that governments will no longer operate autonomously (and have no longer operated autonomously) and are instead bound to one another via cross-governmental administration and non-governmental entities.
We should care about the author's perception of this transformation because the change in the administration of government greatly affects the participation of the general population. This notion becomes all the more applicable when related to the fates of those in democratic societies, such as in America. Quite simply, the ways of accessing one's government -- who one will have to interact with, for instance -- and how one would do so is similarly transformed with cross-governmental public administration. Varying tactical or strategic measures are required of a people that are governed (in some respects) as much by a non-governmental agency as they are by the country in which they live. Therefore, people wishing to participate in the government of their country will have a different set of resources and means of third-party intervention than they previously had. Additionally, there may be the need to modify existing documents and mandates of government and its implementation, such as the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and other such documents.
3. Government performance...
School Uniforms Perhaps the biggest debate of public education over the past decade besides school vouchers has been the debate over whether or not it is legal to require students to wear a uniform to school. Increased crime, gang violence, poor academic performance in public schools has sparked the movement towards mandatory school uniforms. While school uniforms may seem the perfect solution to the problem, to some its as good as
School Choice Throughout the nation the American public has clamored for school change and reform. One of the alternatives that has moved to the forefront of the arena is the ability of parents to choose the public school that their children will attend without geographic boundaries and mandates. Experts continue to debate whether or not school choice ability will force the hand of the public school system to make the desired changes.
Schools are legally allowed to mandate uniforms for sports as well as protective gear. The ACLU notes that school administrators can make students "wear special stuff like the gym uniforms or goggles if they are needed to protect" them. Although schools cannot restrict hairstyles, certain they can ban certain types of clothing ranging from low-rise jeans that show panties to trench coats that might conceal weapons. The courts can
Research shows that "The roughly 3.5 million fast food workers are by far the largest group of minimum wage earners in the United States. The only Americans who consistently earn a lower hourly wage are migrant farm workers," (Schlosser, 2004, p 6). Food companies exploit low income communities both in terms of selling unhealthy foods to them, and through providing poor working conditions for the community in general. Currently,
While a relative handful in number, the attention given to these districts has caused some to conclude that the nation's 14,350 school boards overall might not be needed or equipped to provide a 21st-century education. School boards, like an old car past its prime, need attention and that the status quo will not suffice for those who want improved student outcomes. Teachers, especially in connection with collective bargaining, have assumed many of
The case snowballed and grew until the nation viewed Zelmanv Simmons-Harris as the test case to try the legal boundary between church and state. It was also looked to for the purpose of redefining the meaning and scope of public education in America. Enacted by the Ohio legislature in 1995, the Cleveland Scholarship and Tutoring Program allows 4,000 low-income children to attend private religious and secular schools with up to $2,250
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