The kingdom was left in ruins to Ivan's childless remaining son, Feodor, but soon came under the leadership of Boris Godunov, the brother of Ivan's last rape and one suspected murder.
Perrie and Pavlov single themselves out from the historical mass in their examination of Ivan IV by separating the man from the ruler; outside of a Stalinist examination of the ruler, they found a tyrant whose sadist cruelty was separate from his ability to centralize power and build the first Russian autocracy from which hundreds of years of greatness would follow. Yet, they clearly understand that it would be foolish to separate the pathological personality of Ivan from his reign; it does, in fact, serve to solidify many of his actions and the monstrous attempts at his thirsty control for absolute power. They recognize his epitaph - groznyi - as the source of the ruler whose leadership was awe-inspiring and fearsome, if frequently confounding and frightening.
Additionally, they succeed in separating the modern interpretation of Russia from the popular imagination of sixteenth-century Europe. It was unlike its Northern and southern neighbors, both greater in its imperialism and poverty. Nevertheless, while London was built of wood, the Kremlin glistened over the Russians upon whom the rest of Europe viewed with barbarian contempt. In the book's early sections, particularly throughout the Introduction, Perrie and Pavlov frame the tsar's development as one in the midst of riches at once marveled and ignored on the international spectrum. Understanding the leader as a symbol of the state - both great but without due deference - many of his actions, particularly his political extension and pursuit for cruel, ravaging omnipotence solidify in sound comprehension.
Despite geographic and regional differences, the feelings of Northern Europe and the early Renaissance were reciprocated in Ivan's Russia. Under Ivan IV, this "Russian Renaissance" was born of the...
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