Labeling Effects of First Juvenile Arrests
Labeling Juvenile First Offenders
Luberman, et al. (2014) studied the labeling effects of first juvenile arrests, which appear to take two primary forms: secondary deviance and secondary sanctioning. Using a robust quasi-experimental research design, the authors utilized a sample and structural aspects of a longitudinal study conducted by the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCH). The PHDCH longitudinal study conducted three waves of data collection at 3-year intervals with seven youth cohorts. The PHDCH selected a sample from 80 neighborhood clusters in the city of Chicago. The neighborhood clusters were stratified by seven categories of racial / ethnic composition and three levels of socio-economic status (high, medium, and low). Within the sampling unit of 80 neighborhood clusters, a sampling frame of 1,517 youth, from the 12-year-old to 15-year-old cohorts, were selected by simple random sampling.
In order to measure the re-arrest outcomes, the researchers selected 58 arrestees, for the treatment group, and 1,191 non-arrestees who completed the self-reported offending (SRO) questionnaire and also consented to the search of official records. Of the sampling frame, 34 youth did not respond to the survey and 234 youth did not consent to have their official records searched. Wave II attrition reduced the sample to 53 arrestees and 951 non-arrestees. The sample of arrestees was distributed across 39 of the 80 neighborhood clusters, with only one neighborhood cluster containing more than three arrestees.
Three hypotheses were tested in the research, as follows:
1) A first juvenile arrest has an independent positive effect on subsequent delinquency and criminal offending above and beyond the influence of individual, family, peer, neighborhood, and school correlates.
2) Arrested adolescents are more likely to be arrested in the future than otherwise similar youth without arrest records.
3) The effect of first arrest on future arrests is independent of the effect of a first arrest on criminal...
Relevance Juvenile offenders and reoffenders are an important problem facing the United States criminal justice system. For more than one hundred years, states held the belief that the juvenile justice system acted as a vehicle to safeguard the public via offering a structure that enables the rehabilitation of children growing into adulthood. States identified the difference of children committing crimes versus adult offenders (Loeber & Farrington, 2012). For example, the states
Dugan: Should be on its own page. Juvenile recidivism is a prevalent problem in the criminal justice system. Tackling reoffending remains a complex task requiring several strategies and aims. It involves research, acknowledgement of causes, factors, exploration, and evaluation of subgroups to generate long-term, positive changes in the lives of juvenile offenders. From gang violence to Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive (ICAP), researchers discover some of the reasons why juveniles
This in turn more often than not leads the stigmatized to acquire more and more deviant and possibly criminal identities (Lanier & Henry, 1998). There can, of course, be other antecedents prior to labeling that can enhance the process of delinquency in juveniles. Mental and/or psychological impairments must also be considered as a contributing factor. Certain of these attributes can also contribute to highly suggestible levels in regards to behavior
Juvenile Delinquency -- Causes and Preventive Strategies Juvenile delinquency defines negative behavior in young teens and children which result in serious and severe crimes. With the passage of time crimes committed by adolescents and young children have risen alarmingly. Several economic, social and family related issues are the core reasons behind the rise in juvenile delinquency. This paper discusses the core reason due to which young teens and children sought towards
, 2009). While there are schools in the juvenile system, some of these Hispanic children may come in so behind in their educations that they will requires special services to bring them current in their educations. Therefore, educational and mental health concerns are highlighted for Hispanic youth entering into the juvenile justice system. Conclusion The juvenile justice system in the United States is out-of-control. While Fairfax County, Virginia's juvenile justice system is
(Causal Theories of Juvenile Delinquency: Social Perspectives) Charles Cooley in his publication Human Nature and the Social Order analyzed the personal perception of juvenile delinquents by means of the studies of children and their imaginary friends. Cooley develops his theory around the imaginary concept of looking glass self, which is considered to be a type of imaginary sociability. People introspectively imagine through the eyes of others in their social circles
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