HIV / AIDS Implication in African Governance
Implications of HIV / AIDS on Botswana's Governance
This dissertation paper is a research study that foresees on the governance structure of African nations, in particular, Botswana. The country has had a declining development on the improvements being instigated in government. This has been attributed to ht increasing rates of HIV / AIDS in the country; more so, it has been rated top among nations with the highest rate of HIV / AIDS infection. This paper raises concerns being implicated on in the social and economic aspects of Botswana government structure and Africa in general. The future is also prospected with a close analysis on the disease's trend in the country, and the importance of reducing the rate of infection for the betterment of governance.
Impact of HIV / AIDS on Botswana's Governance
Introduction
Governance is the act of utilizing institutional resources in a way of managing societal problems and affairs. It concerns decisions decided on by the authoritative power. A special arm of authority, the government is formed with vital committees, commissions and departments (ministries) to address and associate appropriately with a country's citizens. Governance deals with contemporary issues of socio-cultural, political, economic and technological developments in a nation (Turke, 2008). Analysis on the developments taking place in puts governance on the lime light as a factor pulling down continental progress. Consequentially, different nations, particularly Botswana, have had declining improvements in their governance structures. The accredited factor implicating on this is the HIV / AIDS pandemic. The disease has put human capital at stake that is a driving motivation on governance and is related fields. It is, therefore, important to address HIV / AIDS implications on social and economic developments that relate to the progress of a country's governance.
Literature review
a) Research design
This discussion is an analysis gathered form secondary sources. The methodological analysis is a qualitative and figurative argument and supports that HIV / AIDS has declining effects on the governance of Botswana and in Africa in general.
b) Data analysis
The discussion is an investigation on the social and economic factors are undermined and affect the trend of government structure in Botswana and Africa. The results developed present a deliberate, unidentified, post-evaluation and a research-based review.
c) Results
i) Social factors
HIV / AIDS increasingly found its threshold in the African continent in the early 20th century. Pandemic increasingly spread in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Botswana and Swaziland are the most hit nations by the pandemic (Mmolai, 2012). It has threatened humanitarian and economic devastation in unexpected proportions (MacFarlan and Sgherri, 2001). A subsequent social impact that has immensely declined governance improvement in Botswana is discrimination. Discriminatory gaps through stigmatization (Letamo).
In responding to the increasing trend of the pandemic, many African governments, inclusive of the Botswana government, adopted the concept of excluding the victims. This was effectuated to prevent direct relations to the non-infected persons. Infected people experience stigma and the negative attitudes implicated to them deter them from pursuing Medicare. The persons are also abandoned from family, ostracism, job opportunities, and property allocation and are submitted to expulsions in schools and violence.
Social human implications to governance in Africa and specifically in Botswana have inflicted macro environmental issues. Demographical projections have obtruded long-term negative encroachments to governance aspects such as labor, national capital, and GDP (Masha). Potential economic boosters infected with the disease are denied opportunities to contribute to national progress for the less period they are available. Demography changes have also impacted by increasing poverty levels. The governments of Botswana, Uganda, Lesotho, Swaziland and others have been working to sustain their victim population from the food insecurity, accessible to other vital amenities such as ARV medication and water (Forsythe, 2009). Orphans are left under no social positions to support themselves. Eventually, governments have to shift huge amount of cash to the sustenance of the victims and the deceased victims. This has passed on reluctant on effects on infrastructure and education.
ii) Economic factors
Africa has been trailing in world levels of attaining high economic and investment levels. This has been attributed to many factors of which HIV / AIDS accounts to. The governance of a nation greatly depends on the economic accountability in all its sectors. Economic development increases a country's progress by providing necessitated funds to address the nation's prospects of development (Haacker, 2002). The HIV / AIDS pandemic has exasperated economic problems Botswana, and resultantly, enormous expending of resources in trying to prevent, treatment...
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